Review: International trade in animal products and the place of the European Union: main trends over the last 20 years

Chatellier, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2021.100289

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Over the past decades, China had continuously imported Holstein semen and embryos, mainly from North America and Europe ( 54 ). China has become the world's largest importer of animal products, including imported live cattle ( 55 ). Therefore, we speculate that direct and/or indirect contact between these animals might lead to cross-genotype transmission of BVDV and produce recombinant viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of BVDV-1a, 1m, and 1v strains from diarrheal calf in china and identification of its genome sequence and cattle virulence

et al. 2022

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important livestock viral pathogen responsible for causing significant economic losses. The emerging and novel BVDV isolates are clinically and biologically important, as there are highly antigenic diverse and pathogenic differences among BVDV genotypes. However, no study has yet compared the virulence of predominant genotype isolates (BVDV-1a, 1b, and 1m) in China and the emerging genotype isolate BVDV-1v. The serological relationship among these genotypes has not yet been described. In this study, we isolated three BVDV isolates from calves with severe diarrhea, characterized as BVDV-1a, 1m, and novel 1v, based on multiple genomic regions [including 5-untranslated region (5′-UTR), Npro, and E2] and the phylogenetic analysis of nearly complete genomes. For the novel genotype, genetic variation analysis of the E2 protein of the BVDV-1v HB-03 strain indicates multiple amino acid mutation sites, including potential host cell-binding sites and neutralizing epitopes. Recombination analysis of the BVDV-1v HB-03 strain hinted at the possible occurrence of cross-genotypes (among 1m, 1o, and 1q) and cross-geographical region transmission events. To compare the pathogenic characters and virulence among these BVDV-1 genotypes, newborn calves uninfected with common pathogens were infected intranasally with BVDV isolates. The calves infected with the three genotype isolates show different symptom severities (diarrhea, fever, slowing weight gain, virus shedding, leukopenia, viremia, and immune-related tissue damage). In addition, these infected calves also showed bovine respiratory disease complexes (BRDCs), such as nasal discharge, coughing, abnormal breathing, and lung damage. Based on assessing different parameters, BVDV-1m HB-01 is identified as a highly virulent strain, and BVDV-1a HN-03 and BVDV-1v HB-03 are both identified as moderately virulent strains. Furthermore, the cross-neutralization test demonstrated the antigenic diversity among these Chinese genotypes (1a, 1m, and 1v). Our findings illustrated the genetic evolution characteristics of the emerging genotype and the pathogenic mechanism and antigenic diversity of different genotype strains, These findings also provided an excellent vaccine candidate strain and a suitable BVDV challenge strain for the comprehensive prevention and control of BVDV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of BVDV-1a, 1m, and 1v strains from diarrheal calf in china and identification of its genome sequence and cattle virulence

et al. 2022

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“…One possible option would be to perform more rigorous safety assessments on probiotics intended for livestock similar to those required for human probiotic supplements. Additionally, developing global standards for probiotic screening may be beneficial given the increasing frequency and scale with which animals and animal by-products are internationally bought and sold (Chatellier, 2021). Strain and product level safety information is already a requirement of many countries across the globe prior to probiotic commercialization.…”

Section: Conclusion and Areas For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics beyond the farm: Benefits, costs, and considerations of using antibiotic alternatives in livestock

Leistikow¹,

Beattie²

2022

Front. Antibiot.

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The increasing global expansion of antimicrobial resistant infections warrants the development of effective antibiotic alternative therapies, particularly for use in livestock production, an agricultural sector that is perceived to disproportionately contribute to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis by consuming nearly two-thirds of the global antibiotic supply. Probiotics and probiotic derived compounds are promising alternative therapies, and their successful use in disease prevention, treatment, and animal performance commands attention. However, insufficient or outdated probiotic screening techniques may unintentionally contribute to this crisis, and few longitudinal studies have been conducted to determine what role probiotics play in AMR dissemination in animal hosts and the surrounding environment. In this review, we briefly summarize the current literature regarding the efficacy, feasibility, and limitations of probiotics, including an evaluation of their impact on the animal microbiome and resistome and their potential to influence AMR in the environment. Probiotic application for livestock is often touted as an ideal alternative therapy that might reduce the need for antibiotic use in agriculture and the negative downstream impacts. However, as detailed in this review, limited research has been conducted linking probiotic usage with reductions in AMR in agricultural or natural environments. Additionally, we discuss the methods, including limitations, of current probiotic screening techniques across the globe, highlighting approaches aimed at reducing antibiotic usage and ensuring safe and effective probiotic mediated health outcomes. Based on this information, we propose economic and logistical considerations for bringing probiotic therapies to market including regulatory roadblocks, future innovations, and the significant gaps in knowledge requiring additional research to ensure probiotics are suitable long-term options for livestock producers as an antibiotic alternative therapy.

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“…The poultry industry plays an important role in the consumer market due to its high-quality meat and eggs [ 1 , 2 ]. In recent years, poultry meat has gradually become predominant in the meat market due to the African swine fever, and the world production of poultry meat is expected to increase by 20.3 million tons between 2017 and 2029 in the future [ 3 ]. With the increase in poultry meat demands, the quality of poultry meat gains importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myogenic Determination and Differentiation of Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Different Inductive Agents

Zhou

Zhao

Cai

et al. 2022

Animals

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Poultry plays an important role in the meat consumer market and is significant to further understanding the potential mechanism of muscle development in the broiler. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can provide critical insight into muscle development due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential. To our knowledge, chicken BM-MSCs demonstrate limited myogenic differentiation potential under the treatment with dexamethasone (DXMS) and hydrocortisone (HC). 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), a DNA demethylating agent, which has been widely used in the myogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in other species. There is no previous report that applies 5-Aza to myogenic-induced differentiation of chicken BM-MSCs. In this study, we evaluated the myogenic determination and differentiation effect of BM-MSCs under different inductive agents. BM-MSCs showed better differentiation potential under the 5-Aza-treatment. Transcriptome sequence analysis identified 2402 differentially expressed DEGs including 28 muscle-related genes after 5-Aza-treatment. The DEGs were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology database terms, including in the cell plasma membrane, molecular binding, and cell cycle and differentiation. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in myogenic differentiation-associated pathways containing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which suggested that BM-MSCs differentiated into a muscle-like phenotype under 5-Aza-treatment. Although BM-MSCs have not formed myotubes in our study, it is worthy of further study. In summary, our study lays the foundation for constructing a myogenic determination and differentiation model in chicken BM-MSCs.

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Review: International trade in animal products and the place of the European Union: main trends over the last 20 years

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Isolation of BVDV-1a, 1m, and 1v strains from diarrheal calf in china and identification of its genome sequence and cattle virulence

Isolation of BVDV-1a, 1m, and 1v strains from diarrheal calf in china and identification of its genome sequence and cattle virulence

Probiotics beyond the farm: Benefits, costs, and considerations of using antibiotic alternatives in livestock

Myogenic Determination and Differentiation of Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Different Inductive Agents

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