Review of Battery Management Systems

Abstract

In this paper the authors look into different parts of Battery Management Systems (BMS) for rechargeable batteries. Compared to other chemistries, lithium batteries offer high energy density and cell voltage, which makes them the most attractive choice for electronic devices including EV and RES. However, lithium technology is vulnerable and highly susceptible to catastrophic failures which result in fire. Hence, the use of electronic safety designs is a must. BMS measure and monitor the battery state, allowing it to function in a safe way. BMS have a series of functions, but the state of charge (SoC) estimation is particularly observed. The estimation methodologies have advantages and disadvantages, and by better understanding them a BMS designer can choose which ones are better suited for the application that is developed for. The optimum BMS method will give the battery pack the needed protection, will keep the battery in a good functioning condition and will give an accurate prediction for the battery pack life.

Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Review of Energy Management Systems and Health Metrics

“…Event-driven ADCs [27] Primary, secondary architecture, FPGA centralized and decentralized architecture [53,54,67,69] Cell balancing, overvoltage protection, and thermal protection, liquid cooling, Charging/discharging control, fault diagnosis and detection, battery state estimation, thermal isolation, and battery pressure release [8,9,20,29,31,34,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]77] Mitigating cyber attacks [66] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) [68] Blockchain, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, digital twins, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), big data [20,21,64,65,[71][72][73][74][75][76] Reconfiguration, self-reconfigurable multicell batteries [70,80] Demand response, demand-side management, grid management [3,78,81,83] Economic operation and security, energy arbitrage, battery operation cost minimization, minimizing power loss, battery scheduling, life cycle operating and storage cost optimization [79,82,[84][85]<...…”

“…An accurate SOC estimation helps a BMS to ensure better battery charging and discharging control. An extensive battery thermal management system is proposed in [20,58], with cooling and preheating functionalities for BMS applications. The BMS functions in [59] include protection, high-voltage control, diagnostics for battery state estimation and fault detection, performance management, and interface operation.…”

A Standalone Dc Microgrid Energy Management Strategy Using the Battery State of Charge

“…Energy storage systems, particularly batteries, play a crucial role in these microgrids by ensuring reliable power supply, managing renewable energy intermittency, and enhancing system stability. Effective control strategies for battery charging and discharging are essential to optimize energy management within autonomous DC microgrids, enabling efficient resource utilization and uninterrupted power delivery to connected loads [4,5,11,20]. Precise control of battery operations is fundamental to maintaining system performance, prolonging battery life, and meeting load demand requirements.…”