Review of Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Studies for the Production of Olefins from Anthropogenic CO₂

Abstract

The use of anthropogenic CO 2 as a carbon source for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, mainly light olefins, is a green route that has not been extensively explored. Designing robust catalysts for the production of olefins is a challenge due to the current lack of clarity on the complex CO 2 hydrogenation mechanism. This review aims to elucidate the production of olefins from CO 2 with an emphasis on material design and existing mechanistic evidence. The major focus is on catalyst design and structure−activity relationships that can mold future progress in this area with significant relevance to industrial implementation. The mechanisms used in these catalytic routes are discussed at length with appropriate examples. Furthermore, practical reactor design, efficient process engineering, and the importance of life cycle analysis are discussed in depth. These are relevant parameters that need to be integrated with catalyst design to overcome scientific and technological challenges to reach the commercial viability of this technology.

Cobalt Catalysts Enable Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 toward Diverse Products: Recent Progress and Perspective

“…8,9 Nevertheless, it is very difficult to achieve multiple C−C coupling and C−O dissociation for producing long-chain hydrocarbons, and the same is true for avoiding C=C reduction in olefin production. 4,56 To address the above issues, coupling cobalt active sites with other active components is an effective way to regulate the selectivity of C 2+ hydrocarbons.…”

“…Selective hydrogenation of CO 2 into C 2+ hydrocarbons is highly desired in CO 2 utilization, because both light olefins (C 2 –C 4 olefin) and liquid hydrocarbons (C 5+ ) are highly needed petrochemicals worldwide. , Nevertheless, it is very difficult to achieve multiple C–C coupling and C–O dissociation for producing long-chain hydrocarbons, and the same is true for avoiding C=C reduction in olefin production. , To address the above issues, coupling cobalt active sites with other active components is an effective way to regulate the selectivity of C 2+ hydrocarbons.…”

Operando Generated Ordered Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective Conversion of CO2 to Methanol

“…One of the many potential strategies envisioned to curtail the alarming CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is to use scalable thermocatalytic hydrogenation of captured CO 2 to produce energy dense fuels important in the material value chain. − This strategy is a “two birds, one stone approach” which can potentially shift the linear trend of carbon utilization to a closed sustainable loop, thus decreasing CO 2 emission, mitigating climate change, and reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. , On the other hand, methanol (MeOH), among other catalytic products, has been projected as a future transportation fuel because of its high octane number . It can be directly used as additive to gasoline in internal combustion engines or its derivatives such as dimethyl ether (DME) or oxymethylene ethers. − Also, it is an important starting material for the production of several multicarbon products, including alcohols, ethers, esters, olefins, and alkanes. , The catalytic conversion of CO 2 to methanol (CTM) via a thermochemical route of hydrogenation has been investigated since the early 1990s .…”

DFT-based microkinetic model analysis of dry reforming of methane over Ru7/CeO2(111) and Ru7/CeO2(110): key role of surface lattice oxygen vacancy

“…With the rapidly developing demands of modern human society, the complex and difficult contradiction between the demand for fossil fuels and the desire for a better environment is brought into focus. 1 Various greenhouse gases (such as CH 4 and CO 2 ), which are generated by the burning of fossil fuels, cause serious environmental problems such as global warming. 2 To protect the living environment and maintain production efficiency to meet human demands, many researchers are devoted to relevant scientific research.…”