Review of elastomer seal assemblies in oil &amp; gas wells: Performance evaluation, failure mechanisms, and gaps in industry standards

Patel, Harshkumar; Salehi, Saeed; Ahmed, Ramadan; Teodoriu, Cătălin

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.019

Cited by 99 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…e expansion rate of the hanger body, the expansion force pushing the expandable cone to move downward, and the hang force are main mechanical parameters in the study of the expandable liner hanger [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. e visualization module in FE software is used to obtain parameters such as the contact stress between the rubber cylinder and the outer casing, the counter force of the expandable cone, and the radial expansion displacement of the expandable tube and indirectly calculate the minimum hydraulic thrust, the hang force, etc.…”

Section: Finite Element Calculation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical Numerical Simulation and Expansion Experiment of Expandable Liner Hanger in Oil and Gas Completion

Chen

Xiao

Zhong

et al. 2020

Shock and Vibration

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The expansion experiment of the expansion liner hanger is a one-time failure process, so in order to save cost, the finite element technology needs to be used to simulate the expansion experiment. Obtaining the mechanical parameters of the expansion liner hanger can effectively optimize the size of the expansion liner hanger structure and guide the expansion completion. Firstly, main structure and principle of expandable liner hanger were introduced. Secondly, mechanical equilibrium equations of the expandable process were established to obtain pressure of the expandable fluid, and pressure of the expandable fluid is obtained. Thirdly, finite element (FE) simulation mechanical model of the expansion of the Ø244.5 mm × Ø177.8 mm expandable liner hanger was established to analyze the hang mechanism and the change rule of mechanical parameters during the expansion. The FE results have shown that radial displacement and residual stress of the inner wall of hanger varied in 5 cycles, and the expansion ratio of the expandable tube was 7.4% during the expansion. The expansion force did not change stably but gradually increased in stages. And the hydraulic pressure required for the expandable cone to continuously move down was 18 MPa. According to the contact stress generated on five rubber cylinders and the contact stress generated on five metal collars, the total hang force has been calculated, which exceeds 1000 kN and meets the design requirements. Lastly, the expansion test results have shown that expansion pressure was 19 MPa, and the expansion rate was 7.1%. The mechanical analysis results of the expandable liner hanger were in good agreement with the experiment results in this study, which provide important mechanical parameters for well completion with expandable liner hanger.

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Section: Finite Element Calculation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical Numerical Simulation and Expansion Experiment of Expandable Liner Hanger in Oil and Gas Completion

Chen

Xiao

Zhong

et al. 2020

Shock and Vibration

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“…In the oil and gas industry, for instance, the temperature is a key factor that contributes to one of the failure modes of elastomer seals, so the method can help to investigate better designs for these mechanical parts. 31 More recently, the energy generation sector has seen the inclusion of elastomer parts 32 in turbo gas engines to support the direct work cycle of these machines. Simulations provided by the presented methodology, for instance, could also help to deeply understand the materials functioning in demanding applications where high profiles of temperatures present during the operation of mechanical parts and mechanical systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of neural networks and nonlinear finite element models to simulate the temperature-dependent stress response of thermoplastic elastomers

Rodríguez-Sánchez

Ledesma

Lesso

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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In this study, a methodology that combines artificial neural networks and nonlinear hyperelastic finite element modeling to simulate the temperature-dependent stress response of elastomer solids is presented. The methodology is verified by a discrete model of a tensile test specimen, which is used to generate stress–strain pairs of existent experimental data. The proposed method is also tested with a benchmark problem of a rubber-like cylinder under compression. Three grades of an elastomer used for diverse engineering applications are used throughout the study. On this basis, three neural network architecture with 10 hidden neurons are implemented as constitutive models to reproduce the experimental data of the materials. The validation results show that the proposed methodology can reproduce tensile tests with an error of 5% of less than regarding experimental data for elastomers that present no yielding point. The benchmark problem results were at the range expected for the elastomer materials with no yielding, where it was possible to derive force temperature-dependent responses. These results suggest that the methodology helps the prediction of the material response when only material stress–strain curves at different temperatures exist. Therefore, the presented approach in this contribution helps to simulate the temperature-dependent stress responses of elastomeric solids with no defined yielding point.

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“…In this case, in order to combine a fixture and a passive damping system the use of a nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) layer is proposed. This sort of elastomers is one of the most employed seal component in the oil and gas industry [29], and the proposed development benefitted from these outstanding sealing properties [30,31] to transform a flexible layer into a suitable vacuum table. Hence, these solutions enable milling in aggressive environments, with capacity to clamp different geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Elastomer Layers in the Quality of Aluminum Parts on Finishing Operations

Rubio-Mateos

Rivero

Ukar

et al. 2020

Metals

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In finishing processes, the quality of aluminum parts is mostly influenced by static and dynamic phenomena. Different solutions have been studied toward a stable milling process attainment. However, the improvements obtained with the tuning of process parameters are limited by the system stiffness and external dampers devices interfere with the machining process. To deal with this challenge, this work analyzes the suitability of elastomer layers as passive damping elements directly located under the part to be machined. Thus, exploiting the sealing properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a suitable flexible vacuum fixture is developed, enabling a proper implementation in the manufacturing process. Two different compounds are characterized under axial compression and under finishing operations. The compression tests present the effect of the feed rate and the strain accumulative effect in the fixture compressive behavior. Despite the higher strain variability of the softer rubber, different milling process parameters, such as the tool feed rate, can lead to a similar compressive behavior of the fixture regardless the elastomer hardness. On the other hand, the characterization of these flexible fixtures is completed over AA2024 floor milling of rigid parts and compared with the use of a rigid part clamping. These results show that, as the cutting speed and the feed rate increases, due to the strain evolution of the rubber, the part quality obtained tend to equalize between the flexible and the rigid clamping of the workpiece. Due to the versatility of the NBR for clamping different part geometries without new fixture redesigns, this leads to a competitive advantage of these flexible solutions against the classic rigid vacuum fixtures. Finally, a model to predict the grooving forces with a bull-nose end mill regardless of the stiffness of the part support is proposed and validated for the working range.

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Review of elastomer seal assemblies in oil & gas wells: Performance evaluation, failure mechanisms, and gaps in industry standards

Cited by 99 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of Mechanical Numerical Simulation and Expansion Experiment of Expandable Liner Hanger in Oil and Gas Completion

Investigation of Mechanical Numerical Simulation and Expansion Experiment of Expandable Liner Hanger in Oil and Gas Completion

The use of neural networks and nonlinear finite element models to simulate the temperature-dependent stress response of thermoplastic elastomers

Influence of Elastomer Layers in the Quality of Aluminum Parts on Finishing Operations

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