Review of electric vehicles integration impacts in distribution networks: Placement, charging/discharging strategies, objectives and optimisation models

Ray, Sigma; Kasturi, Kumari; Patnaik, Samarjit; Nayak, Manas Ranjan

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108672

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Therefore, by utilizing information about the EV's departure and energy prices, the EV charging periods can be optimized, which helps to reduce peak congestion in the distribution network. The optimization of EV charging times also helps to minimize load variances and thus minimizing system losses [30], [31]. EVs inject reactive power into the MG when they are not fixed to function with a unity power factor.…”

Section: ) Mitigating Congestion and Losses In Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Sora,

Serban,

Petreus

2024

IEEE Access

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The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) into microgrids (MGs) has significant potential for enhancing energy resilience, addressing environmental concerns, and promoting decentralized energy systems as a global shift towards sustainable energy solutions. Therefore, this survey paper provides a comprehensive discussion on improving MG operation through EV integration. This study evaluates the status of EV integration into MGs, focusing on technological advancements, and emerging trends, while pinpointing key technical challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, this paper examines the pivotal role of EVs in participating in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, providing ancillary support to improve MG performance. The importance of a reliable communication infrastructure for information exchange between EV, EV charging stations (EVCSs), and MG has been emphasized for the effective implementation of V2G services. This discussion extends to the contributions of EVs to primary, secondary, and tertiary MG controls. The paper also analyzes the integration of EVs into AC and DC MGs and further proposes configurations for both MG cases. Finally, the paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research to unlock the full potential of EV contributions to MG performance, thereby contributing to the ongoing advancement of sustainable and resilient energy systems. The key findings of this work include solutions for MG voltage and frequency regulation implemented through EV bidirectional converter power flow control, EV charger configurations for integration into AC and DC, EV contributions in improving the MG's operational resilience and adaptability, and the noteworthy challenges arising from V2G implementation in such systems.INDEX TERMS electric vehicle charging, microgrids, renewable energy sources, vehicle-to-grid

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Section: ) Mitigating Congestion and Losses In Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Sora,

Serban,

Petreus

2024

IEEE Access

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“…In Equation (1), the variables u 1 and u 2 represent two distinct and independent random variables originating from a uniform distribution that spans the interval (0, 1). The expected mileage's stochastic value can be obtained by referencing statistical data by Equation (2).…”

Section: Evs' Expected Mileagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within Equation (2), µ m and σ m denote the mean and standard deviation parameters associated with the specific probability distribution function. Additionally, M d represents the expected mileage achieved by EVs.…”

Section: Evs' Expected Mileagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unscheduled utilization of RESs and EVs may bring new challenges for the distribution network, such as the reduction of power quality, increasing power losses, and voltage variations, in addition to an increase in the operation cost. So, the negative impacts of these sources on the network performance are unavoidable, while effective integration of them is essential in the sustainable development of the power distribution networks [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Bagherzadeh,

Kamwa

2023

Energies

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Renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) have been introduced as efficient technologies to address environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources. However, the widespread integration of distributed renewable sources into the power grid and the growing adoption of EVs pose new challenges for distribution network operators. These challenges necessitate careful management to mitigate their impacts, particularly in meeting the additional demand arising from EV charging. To achieve these targets, it is necessary to strategically integrate RESs and EVs. This study focuses on the optimal allocation and energy management of distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs), taking into account the inherent uncertainty in the output power of these resources. Notably, parking lots (PLs) utilize vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology of EVs and aggregate and inject their power into the distribution system. Therefore, EVs as a motion type of energy storage system play a significant role, especially in the on-peak hours. The optimization problem is addressed using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) while adhering to operational constraints related to the power system, as well as both DERs and EVPLs. The main goal is to simultaneously enhance the technical, economic, and environmental performance of the system, by solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system, with the study considering five different scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the planned deployment of DERs, given their proximity to the load centers, has effectively mitigated the overload impacts resulting from EVs’ charging. Furthermore, the implementation of a demand response program (DRP), cooperatively with the aforementioned resources, has significantly improved all key operating indicators of the system.

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“…The electric vehicle stock is forecasted to grow continuously over the next decades, contributing to the decarbonization of energy uses [1,2]. Many authors evaluated the transformation of current road mobility from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) [3,4] focusing on smart charging to maximize the benefits of increasing numbers of EVs connected to the power grid [5] and minimize impacts in distribution networks [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing BEV Charge to Obtain a Positive Impact on a National Power System

Barsali,

Ceraolo,

Pasini

et al. 2024

Energies

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This paper’s research question is to evaluate the potential impact of large numbers of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on the future electric grid, and whether the flexibility of BEV charging can induce enough system benefits to remunerate BEV users for the change in their recharging pattern. The considered scenario refers to the Italian situation and what might occur through the year 2040, where a share of BEV stock of 40% can be foreseen, as well as significant increases in PV and wind generation. Although this study is focused on Italy, its results are applicable, with minor differences, to several EU countries. This paper first shows that the future impact of increasing penetration of BEVs appears to be compatible with the expected growth of generation from renewable energy sources (RES) and the corresponding reduction in fossil fuel-based generation. It also gives an estimate of the CO2 emission reduction resulting from these changes, considering an unmanaged BEV charge profile and two different managed profiles that shift the car’s charging period to hours of the day when they have no negative impact on the grid and maximize the utilization of RES. Finally, it shows an evaluation of the economic benefits of displacing private car charging ranging from 4 to 10 cEUR/kWh, which could be used as tariff incentives to stimulate this displacing in recharging time.

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Review of electric vehicles integration impacts in distribution networks: Placement, charging/discharging strategies, objectives and optimisation models

Cited by 42 publications

References 163 publications

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Enhancing Microgrid Operation Through Electric Vehicle Integration: A Survey

Joint Multi-Objective Allocation of Parking Lots and DERs in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs

Managing BEV Charge to Obtain a Positive Impact on a National Power System

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