Review of epidemic, epizootic situation on splenic fever in Kazakhstan, neighbouring countries and beyond.

Lukhnova, Larisa; Izbanova, Uinkul; Sansyzbayev, Ye.B.; Мека-Меченко, Т. В.; Suschikh, V.Yu.

doi:10.31082/1728-452x-2018-192-6-40-47

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Currently, anthrax in farm and wild animals is registered on almost all continents. Outbreaks of anthrax in wild animals have been recorded in countries in Asia, North America, and Africa (Kamal et al, 2011;Lukhnova et al, 2018;Walsh et al, 2018;Manish et al, 2020). As a result of global warming, anthrax began to be registered in northern latitudes, where previously it was practically not widespread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Ukraine in the context of mandatory specific prevention in susceptible animals

Korniienko¹,

Ukhovskyi²,

Moroz³

et al. 2022

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The problem of zoonoses remains relevant in the context of reliable prevention of human disease and effective ways to achieve this result, in particular through the impact on susceptible animals by the efforts of veterinary medicine. Anthrax is an acute, particularly dangerous infectious disease of all species of farm, domestic and wild animals, as well as humans, which is caused by Bacillus anthracis microbes. The causative agent of anthrax belongs to the group of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and exists in two main forms: vegetative and spore. The vegetative form in the body of an infected animal can form a "capsule". In Ukraine, according to the provisions of the current "Instruction for the prevention and control of animal anthrax" (2000), the main method of preventing anthrax among animals is regular vaccination of animals susceptible to this disease. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Ukraine for the period 1994–2021 and made a critical assessment of the performance of mandatory measures for specific prevention of susceptible animals. In order to find out the ecological and geographical features of the spread of anthrax, data on outbreaks of the disease in cattle, swine, small ruminants and humans on the territory of Ukraine were analyzed by regions for the time period under investigation. Over the past 28 years in Ukraine, animal anthrax was registered in in all areas except Zhytomyr region. In total, during the analyzed period, 177 affected points and 637 infected animals (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, horses, wild and fur-bearing animals, dogs) were registered (estimated at 3.59 animals per outbreak). Cattle were most often involved in the epizootic process, followed by pigs and small ruminants, while horses and other animal species were least infected. Ecological and geographical analysis showed that the largest number of affected points among animals during the analyzed period was found in Kyiv, Volyn, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, Odesa, and Vinnytsia regions. A small number of affected points during the analyzed period were found in Zakarpattia, Ternopil, Kherson, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. During the analyzed period, 68 people in 11 regions of Ukraine were infected with anthrax, 15 outbreaks were registered (4.46 people per outbreak). Most cases were reported in Donetsk, Kyiv and Odesa regions. The association between outbreaks of anthrax in animals and cases of anthrax among humans has been established, this dependency was 86.6% (the index of contiguity, which takes into account the number of years with simultaneous registration of animal and human cases, was 0.5). The authors thoroughly proved that it is vaccination among susceptible animals that will finally prevent the incidence of anthrax among people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Ukraine in the context of mandatory specific prevention in susceptible animals

Korniienko¹,

Ukhovskyi²,

Moroz³

et al. 2022

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…Three cases of death from anthrax in the wild were officially registered: foxes in the Almaty region in 1980 and two fatal cases of roe deer in the Kyzylorda region in 1951 and 1957. These data do not reflect the true picture of animal morbidity in the wild, since monitoring and bacteriological examination of the remnants are not carried out ( Lukhnova et al, 2018 ; Lukhnova, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

Shevtsov

Lukhnova²,

Izbanova³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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This article describes Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Kazakhstan since the 1950s until year 2016 from sixty-one independent events associated with anthrax in humans and animals. One hundred and fifty-four strains were first genotyped by Multiple Locus VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) Analysis (MLVA) using 31 VNTR loci. Thirty-five MLVA31 genotypes were resolved, 28 belong to the A1/TEA group, five to A3/Sterne-Ames group, one to A4/Vollum and one to the B clade. This is the first report of the presence of the B-clade in Kazakhstan. The MLVA31 results and epidemiological data were combined to select a subset of seventy-nine representative strains for draft whole genome sequencing (WGS). Strains from Kazakhstan significantly enrich the known phylogeny of the Ames group polytomy, including the description of a new branch closest to the Texas, United States A.Br.Ames sublineage stricto sensu. Three among the seven currently defined branches in the TEA polytomy are present in Kazakhstan, “Tsiankovskii”, “Heroin”, and “Sanitary Technical Institute (STI)”. In particular, strains from the STI lineage are largely predominant in Kazakhstan and introduce numerous deep branching STI sublineages, demonstrating a high geographic correspondence between “STI” and Kazakhstan, Central Asia. This observation is a strong indication that the TEA polytomy emerged after the last political unification of Asian steppes in the fourteenth century of the Common Era. The phylogenetic analysis of the Kazakhstan data and of currently available WGS data of worldwide origin strengthens our understanding of B. anthracis geographic expansions in the past seven centuries.

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Review of epidemic, epizootic situation on splenic fever in Kazakhstan, neighbouring countries and beyond.

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Ukraine in the context of mandatory specific prevention in susceptible animals

Epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Ukraine in the context of mandatory specific prevention in susceptible animals

Bacillus anthracis Phylogeography: New Clues From Kazakhstan, Central Asia

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