Review of Experiences within Ice and Iceberg Management

Eik, Kenneth

doi:10.1017/s0373463308004839

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Increased presence fueled by economic interests in the Arctic, has for several decades [21] called for research in the field of Ice Management. A comprehensive overview of Ice Management in practical use is provided in [5]. The field deals with the detection, tracking and forecast of ice, but also the physical actions taken to avoid collisions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive overview of Ice Management in practical use is provided in [5]. The field deals with the detection, tracking and forecast of ice, but also the physical actions taken to avoid collisions [5]. While managing ice is of great importance to polar ventures, predicting ice movement has proven difficult [6], concluding that observations are essential for tracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea ice tracking with a Spatially Indexed Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter

Olofsson

Veiback

Hendeby

2017

2017 20th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion)

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Abstract-In polar region operations, drift ice positioning and tracking is useful for both scientific and safety reasons. At its core is a Multi-Target Tracking (MTT) problem in which currents and winds make motion modeling difficult. One recent algorithm in the MTT field, employed in this paper, is the Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. In particular, a proposed reformulation of the LMB equations exposes a structure which is exploited to propose a compact algorithm for the generation of the filter's posterior distribution. Further, spatial indexing is applied to the clustering process of the filter, allowing efficient separation of the filter into smaller, independent parts with lesser total complexity than that of an unclustered filter.Many types of sensors can be employed to generate detections of sea ice, and in this paper a recorded dataset from a Terrestrial Radar Interferometer (TRI) is used to demonstrate the application of the Spatially Indexed Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter to estimate the currents of an observed area in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice tracking with a Spatially Indexed Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter

Olofsson

Veiback

Hendeby

2017

2017 20th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion)

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“…Eik (2008) defines IM as the sum of all activities where the objective is to reduce, or avoid, actions from any kind of ice features. This includes detection, tracking, and forecasting of sea-ice, ridges, and icebergs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line-of-sight iceberg edge-following using an AUV equipped with multibeam sonar

Norgren

Skjetne

2015

IFAC-PapersOnLine

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Obtaining 3D information about ice features, like icebergs, are of interest to researchers and offshore operators moving into the Arctic. Icebergs are affected by wind, and ocean currents, and can have unpredictable drift patterns, causing challenges when it comes to mapping objectives. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with multibeam echosounders are suitable for obtaining measurements of the underwater geometry of icebergs, but advances in autonomy are needed to map drifting icebergs reliably. This paper details a guidance algorithm for detecting and circumnavigating an iceberg -following the iceberg edge. The guidance scheme is implemented as a state machine, starting in an iceberg detection-mode.Once an iceberg is detected, the AUV will enter a mapping-mode. An edge detection algorithm will determine the position of the edge, and a line-of-sight approach will be used for edgefollowing. A six degree-of-freedom AUV simulator is used to perform a simulation study, to show how AUV dynamics affect the results. The simulation study presented shows the algorithm's effectiveness, both when the iceberg is assumed stationary, and when the iceberg is drifting and rotating with constant velocity.

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“…As offshore activities move into Arctic waters, where sea-ice and icebergs may threaten installations and structures, ice management (IM) becomes an important part of the offshore operation. An important part of an IM system, is the detection, tracking, and drift forecasting of ice features (Eik, 2008). Eik and Løset (2009) discussed requirements for one or more unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), preferably untethered due to sea-ice interaction with the tether, for tracking of icebergs detected by stationary sensor platforms, and for continuous monitoring of an area upstream of a protected installation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This constitutes a part of an IM system. Eik (2008) gives the following definition of ice management:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles as Sensor Platforms for Ice-Monitoring

Norgren¹,

Skjetne

2014

MIC

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Due to the receding sea-ice extent in the Arctic, and the potentially large undiscovered petroleum resources present north of the Arctic circle, offshore activities in ice-infested waters are increasing. Due to the presence of drifting sea-ice and icebergs, ice management (IM) becomes an important part of the offshore operation, and an important part of an IM system is the ability to reliably monitor the ice conditions. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) has a unique capability of high underwater spatial and temporal coverage, making it suitable for monitoring applications. Since the first Arctic AUV deployment in 1972, AUV technology has matured and has been used in complex under-ice operations. This paper motivates the use of AUVs as an ice-monitoring sensor platform. It discusses relevant sensor capabilities and challenges related to communication and navigation. This paper also presents experiences from a field campaign that took place in Ny-Ålesund at Svalbard in January 2014, where a REMUS 100 AUV was used for sea-floor mapping and collection of oceanographic parameters. Based on this, we discuss the experiences related to using AUVs for ice-monitoring. We conclude that AUVs are highly applicable for ice-monitoring, but further research is needed.

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Review of Experiences within Ice and Iceberg Management

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Sea ice tracking with a Spatially Indexed Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter

Sea ice tracking with a Spatially Indexed Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter

Line-of-sight iceberg edge-following using an AUV equipped with multibeam sonar

Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles as Sensor Platforms for Ice-Monitoring

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