Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Mustonen, Petri; Mackenzie, David; Lipsanen, Harri

doi:10.1007/s12200-020-1011-5

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 238 publications

(248 reference statements)

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“…Transparent HyGH structures could be designed to serve as interfacial or electron/hole transport layer (ETL/HTL) in optoelectronic devices, such as OLED and solar cells, matching the interfacial energy levels of different materials. 24 , 25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Graphane via Hydroxylation: An Ab Initio Study

et al. 2021

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The thermodynamic stability of hydroxylated graphane, that is, fully sp 3 graphene derivatives coordinated with −H and −OH groups, has been recently demonstrated by ab initio calculations. Within the density functional theory approach, we investigate the electronic property modifications of graphane by progressive hydroxylation, that is, by progressively substituting −H with −OH groups. When 50% of graphane is hydroxylated, the energy bandgap reaches its largest value of 6.68 eV. The electronic affinity of 0.8 eV for graphane can widely change in the 0.28–1.60 eV range depending on the geometric configuration. Hydroxylated graphane has two interfaces with vacuum, hence its electron affinity can be different on each interface with the formation of an intrinsic dipole perpendicular to the monolayer. We envisage the possibility of using hydroxylated graphane allotropes with tunable electronic affinity to serve as interfacial layers in 2D material-based heterojunctions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Graphane via Hydroxylation: An Ab Initio Study

et al. 2021

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“…At the platform of CVD, graphene and TMDs films can be grown in large scales, [ 97 ] making the wet‐chemistry process works well in industrial manufacture. Besides, in order to transfer graphene on almost all surfaces, a PDMS stamp can be introduced to assist the process, which was successfully transferred in fragile polymer thin films and hydrophobic surfaces.…”

Section: Fabrication Methods For Integrated Devices Hybrid With 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials Enabled Next‐Generation Integrated Optoelectronics: from Fabrication to Applications

et al. 2021

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2D materials, such as graphene, black phosphorous and transition metal dichalcogenides, have gained persistent attention in the past few years thanks to their unique properties for optoelectronics. More importantly, introducing 2D materials into silicon photonic devices will greatly promote the performance of optoelectronic devices, including improvement of response speed, reduction of energy consumption, and simplification of fabrication process. Moreover, 2D materials meet the requirements of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatible silicon photonic manufacturing. A comprehensive overview and evaluation of state‐of‐the‐art 2D photonic integrated devices for telecommunication applications is provided, including light sources, optical modulators, and photodetectors. Optimized by unique structures such as photonic crystal waveguide, slot waveguide, and microring resonator, these 2D material‐based photonic devices can be further improved in light‐matter interactions, providing a powerful design for silicon photonic integrated circuits.

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“…Graphene combines a good optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and flexibility making it a very attractive material for electrode applications. [274,275] The first example application of graphene-based bottom TCE in small area OPVs was reported by Peumans and coworkers in 2008. [276] Since then, the application of graphene in TCEs and of these TCEs as bottom electrode in OPV devices has been extensively investigated as described in several literature rev iews.…”

Section: Graphene-based Transparent Conducting Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Upscaling Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Bernardo

Lopes

Lidzey

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have recently undergone a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM1.5G conditions, as certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which have jumped from 11.5% in October 2017 to 18.2% in December 2020. However, the NREL certified PCE of large area OPV modules is still lagging far behind (11.7% in July 2020). Additionally, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the use of OPVs for dim light indoor applications, with reported PCE of some large area (≥1 cm2) devices, under 1000 lux, well above 20%. The transition of OPV from the lab to the market requires the development of effective manufacturing processes that can scale‐up laboratory‐scale devices into large area devices, without sacrificing performance and simultaneously minimizing associated manufacturing costs. This review article focuses on four important challenges that OPV technology has to face to achieve a reliable lab‐to‐fab transfer, namely: i) The upscaling of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐based single cells and the interconnection of single cells into large area modules; ii) the development of alternatives to vacuum processing; iii) the development of alternatives to ITO‐based substrates; and iv) strategies for improving the lifetime of large area OPV devices.

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Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Cited by 35 publications

References 238 publications

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Graphane via Hydroxylation: An Ab Initio Study

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Graphane via Hydroxylation: An Ab Initio Study

2D Materials Enabled Next‐Generation Integrated Optoelectronics: from Fabrication to Applications

Progress in Upscaling Organic Photovoltaic Devices

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