Review of Ge detectors for gamma spectroscopy

Alexiev, D.; Reinhard, M.; Li, Mo; Rosenfeld, A.B.; Mj, Smith

doi:10.1007/bf03178770

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…From this work, we settled on LiSrAlF 6 and have produced three 229 Th-doped LiSrAlF 6 crystals with dimensions ≈ 3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm. The amount of 229 Th in each crystal was assayed by γ-ray spectroscopy (Ortec GMX-50220-P)[26] and found to be (115 ± 5) nCi, (290 ± 40) nCi, and (2.2 ± 3) µCi. In this work, we use only the latter two crystals, referred to as crystal B and C, which have a thorium atomic density of n Th ≈ 5.8 × 10 16 cm −3 and n Th ≈ 4.1 × 10 17 cm −3 , respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Results of a Direct Search Using Synchrotron Radiation for the Low-EnergyTh229Nuclear Isomeric Transition

et al. 2015

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We report the results of a direct search for the 229 Th (I p = 3/2 + ← 5/2 + ) nuclear isomeric transition, performed by exposing 229 Th-doped LiSrAlF6 crystals to tunable vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron radiation and observing any resulting fluorescence. We also use existing nuclear physics data to establish a range of possible transition strengths for the isomeric transition. We find no evidence for the thorium nuclear transition between 7.3 eV and 8.8 eV with transition lifetime (1-2) s τ (2000-5600) s. This measurement excludes roughly half of the favored transition search area and can be used to direct future searches.

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confidence: 99%

Results of a Direct Search Using Synchrotron Radiation for the Low-EnergyTh229Nuclear Isomeric Transition

et al. 2015

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“…[ 54 ] For γ‐ray spectroscopy, applying a large field is particularly important to extract the small number of ionized charge carriers created from the arrival of each γ‐ray photon. [ 315 ] A typical LHP γ‐ray detector is shown in Figure a, and the typical pulse obtained following interaction with a γ‐ray photon is shown in Figure 19b. [ 275 ] To accurately determine the pulse height, the detector's signal should be well above the dark current baseline.…”

Section: Challenges For Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Dudipala,

Le,

Nie

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The past decade has witnessed the rapid rise in performance of optoelectronic devices based on lead‐halide perovskites (LHPs). The large mobility‐lifetime products and defect tolerance of these materials, essential for optoelectronics, also make them well‐suited for radiation detectors, especially given the heavy elements present, which is essential for strong X‐ray and γ‐ray attenuation. Over the past decade, LHP thick films, wafers and single crystals have given rise to direct radiation detectors that have outperformed incumbent technologies in terms of sensitivity (reported values up to 3.5×106 μC Gyair−1 cm−2), limit of detection (directly measured values down to 1.5 nGyair s−1), along with competitive energy and imaging resolution at room temperature. At the same time, lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (e.g., methylammonium bismuth iodide), which have underperformed in solar cells, have recently matched and, in some areas (e.g., in polarization stability), surpassed the performance of LHP detectors. These advances open up opportunities to achieve devices for safer medical imaging, as well as more effective non‐invasive analysis for security, nuclear safety or product inspection. Herein, we discuss the principles behind the rapid rises in performance of LHP and perovskite‐inspired material detectors, and how their properties and performance link with critical applications in non‐invasive diagnostics. We discuss the key strategies to engineer the performance of these materials, and the important challenges to overcome to commercialize these new technologies.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…A compact detector, with a solid density of 1000 times greater than gas, can provide more carrier information for a given incident radiation event than is possible compared to other types of the detector [23]. When sing a PN junction diode doped with silicon [33], germanium [34], diamond [35], or cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) [36], the incident radiation enters the depletion region, causing the thermal excitation of the electron (~3 eV) from a valance band to a conduction band, creating electron-hole pairs in a reverse bias configuration. Through the collection electron-hole pairs, a detection signal is formed.…”

Section: Semiconductor Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing Radiation Monitoring Technology at the Verge of Internet of Things

Ahmad

Rahim²,

Nordin

et al. 2021

Sensors

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As nuclear technology evolves, and continues to be used in various fields since its discovery less than a century ago, radiation safety has become a major concern to humans and the environment. Radiation monitoring plays a significant role in preventive radiological nuclear detection in nuclear facilities, hospitals, or in any activities associated with radioactive materials by acting as a tool to measure the risk of being exposed to radiation while reaping its benefit. Apart from in occupational settings, radiation monitoring is required in emergency responses to radiation incidents as well as outdoor radiation zones. Several radiation sensors have been developed, ranging from as simple as a Geiger-Muller counter to bulkier radiation systems such as the High Purity Germanium detector, with different functionality for use in different settings, but the inability to provide real-time data makes radiation monitoring activities less effective. The deployment of manned vehicles equipped with these radiation sensors reduces the scope of radiation monitoring operations significantly, but the safety of radiation monitoring operators is still compromised. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been introduced to the world and offered solutions to these limitations. This review elucidates a systematic understanding of the fundamental usage of the Internet of Drones for radiation monitoring purposes. The extension of essential functional blocks in IoT can be expanded across radiation monitoring industries, presenting several emerging research opportunities and challenges. This article offers a comprehensive review of the evolutionary application of IoT technology in nuclear and radiation monitoring. Finally, the security of the nuclear industry is discussed.

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Review of Ge detectors for gamma spectroscopy

Abstract: A review is given of the use of germanium detectors for gamma spectroscopy. The advantages, principles of operation, and fabrication processes of semiconductor radiation detectors are described.

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Results of a Direct Search Using Synchrotron Radiation for the Low-EnergyTh229Nuclear Isomeric Transition

Results of a Direct Search Using Synchrotron Radiation for the Low-EnergyTh229Nuclear Isomeric Transition

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Ionizing Radiation Monitoring Technology at the Verge of Internet of Things

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