Review of genetic diversity in Bactrian camel (<i>Camelus bactrianus</i>)

Liang, Ming; Siren, Dalai; Hasi, Surong; Jambl, Tuyatsetseg; Ji, Rimutu

doi:10.1093/af/vfac027

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There are three Camelus species, namely C. dromedarius (the domesticated single-humped camel), C. bactrianus (the domesticated two-humped camel), and C. ferus (the wild two-humped camel) ( 6 ). Bactrian camels ( Camelus bactrianus ), as “ships of the desert,” are usually used as draft animals for transportation and riding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are one of the important livestock resources in the desert and semi-desert areas of northwest and north China ( 7 ). Camels play an important role in the grassland animal husbandry of this region, holding a crucial position in the frontier animal husbandry and the ethnic characteristic industries of Mongolian and Kazak in the frontier pastoral areas ( 6 ). The camel breeding industry has transitioned from nomadic to intensive breeding, providing humans with milk, meat, camel hair, and other products, thereby increasing the economic income of herdsmen ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) from Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China

Mi,

Silayi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionCryptosporidium spp. is a significant zoonotic parasite. The prevalence and infection characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture have yet to be fully understood. Thus, the molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in camels was investigated in this region.MethodsA total of 1,455 fecal samples were collected from 6 counties in three regions (Altay, Tacheng, and Yili) in Yili Prefecture. Nested PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene was used to identify the species or genotypes of Cryptosporidium infection in camels. For C. parvum positive samples, the subtypes were identified using the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene.Results and discussionThe overall infection rate was 8.7% (126/1,455), ranging from 5.6% to 11.7% in different regions, and 4.2% to 15.8% in different counties. A significant difference was observed amongst the counties (p < 0.001). Three species were detected, namely C. andersoni (65.1%, 82/126), C. parvum (34.1%, 43/126), and C. occultus (0.8%, 1/126). Three C. parvum subtypes, If-like-A15G2 (n = 29), IIdA15G1 (n = 4), and IIdA19G1(n = 1) were detected, with If-like-A15G2 being the most prevalent subtype. Camels aged 3-12 months exhibited the highest infection rate (11.4%, 44/387), with no significant difference among age groups (p > 0.05). C. parvum was predominant in camels under 3 months, while C. andersoni prevailed in camels over 3 months. There was an extremely significant difference observed among seasons (p < 0.001), summer had the highest infection rates (16.9%, 61/360). This study collected nearly 1,500 samples and, for the first time, investigated Cryptosporidium spp. infection in camels based on different age groups and seasons. All three Cryptosporidiumspecies identified were zoonotic, posing a potential threat to human health and requiring close attention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) from Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China

Mi,

Silayi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…According to the 2022 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database, approximately 38 million camels exist worldwide. Domestic dairy camels include the dromedary, distributed in the arid deserts of North and East Africa and Asia, and Bactrian camels, which inhabit the semi-arid desert regions of Asia [ 3 ]. In recent years, the demand for camel milk and milk products has increased both locally and internationally [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) reveals candidate genes affecting milk production traits

Yao,

Dou,

Zhao

et al. 2023

BMC Genomics

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Background Milk production traits are complex traits with vital economic importance in the camel industry. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating milk production traits in camels remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways that affect milk production traits in Bactrian camels. Methods We classified camels (fourth parity) as low- or high-yield, examined pregnant camels using B-mode ultrasonography, observed the microscopic changes in the mammary gland using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways. Results The average standard milk yield over the 300 days during parity was recorded as 470.18 ± 9.75 and 978.34 ± 3.80 kg in low- and high-performance camels, respectively. Nine female Junggar Bactrian camels were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, and 609 and 393 DEGs were identified in the low-yield vs. high-yield (WDL vs. WGH) and pregnancy versus colostrum period (RSQ vs. CRQ) comparison groups, respectively. The DEGs were compared with genes associated with milk production traits in the Animal Quantitative Trait Loci database and in Alashan Bactrian camels, and 65 and 46 overlapping candidate genes were obtained, respectively. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction network analyses of the DEGs and candidate genes were conducted. After comparing our results with those of other livestock studies, we identified 16 signaling pathways and 27 core candidate genes associated with maternal parturition, estrogen regulation, initiation of lactation, and milk production traits. The pathways suggest that emerged milk production involves the regulation of multiple complex metabolic and cellular developmental processes in camels. Finally, the RNA sequencing results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR; the 15 selected genes exhibited consistent expression changes. Conclusions This study identified DEGs and metabolic pathways affecting maternal parturition and milk production traits. The results provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of genes related to milk production traits in camels. Furthermore, these findings will help improve breeding strategies to achieve the desired milk yield in camels. Graphical Abstract

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“…Other studies also describe the distribution, breeds, evolutionary history, domestication, and genetic diversity of various camel populations based on mtDNA, nuclear DNA, and whole genome sequencing [27,28], such as the identification of the association of polymorphisms in growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and other genes with some physical characteristics of camels [27]. While most of these studies covered major geographic regions/countries and identified millions of SNPs amenable to implementation within array-based genotyping platforms, future studies will likely focus on in-depth analyses of within-population/within-country genetic diversity to capture fine-scale ge-nomic variation and population structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Genetic Structure of Hybrid Camels in Kazakhstan

Amandykova

Dossybayev

Mussayeva

et al. 2023

Genes

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Camel farming is gaining scientific interest due to its unique agricultural characteristics. Camels are versatile for milk and meat production, wool, racing, transport, and tourism. To use their full potential, it is essential to improve our understanding of the genetic structure of these animals. One-humped and two-humped camels have received detailed genetic descriptions, while there is no such information for their hybrids, which outperform their parent species in several agricultural characteristics. Thus, in this study, for the first time, the whole genome sequencing data (WGS) of five hybrid camels bred in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan are presented in comparison with the WGS data of one-humped, two-humped, and wild camels. A total of 43,552,164 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found across the studied groups. Further comparison of these SNPs showed the following number of private SNPs among the populations: hybrid camels (3,271,083), wild camels (2,515,591), Bactrians (1,244,694), and dromedaries (531,224). The genetic structure of the studied animals was described, and a phylogenetic tree was built to assess their genetic distance. It was found that the studied hybrids are genetically closer to dromedaries since they were on the close branch of the phylogenetic tree.

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Review of genetic diversity in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) from Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) from Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China

Transcriptome analysis of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) reveals candidate genes affecting milk production traits

A Study of the Genetic Structure of Hybrid Camels in Kazakhstan

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