Review of Hyperuricemia as New Marker for Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Hyperuricemia has long been established as the major etiologic factor in gout. In recent years, a large body of evidence has accumulated that suggests that hyperuricemia may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of a number of metabolic, hemodynamic, and systemic pathologic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. A number of epidemiologic studies have linked hyperuricemia with each of these disorders. In some studies, therapies that lower uric acid may prevent or improve certain components of the metabolic syndrome. There is an association between uric acid and the development of systemic lupus erythematosus; the connection between other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is less clear. The mechanism for the role of uric acid in disorders other than gout is not well established but recent investigations point towards systemic inflammation induced by urate, as the major pathophysiological event common to systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis.

Serum C-Reactive Protein, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Uric Acid Levels in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

“…6 There are epidemiological studies showing a relationship between SUA levels and the markers of systemic inflammation. 20,21 In several population-based studies, in healthy men and women, and also in patients with metabolic syndrome and patients with chronic heart failure, SUA has been shown to be positively correlated with CRP, IL-6 and TNFalpha.…”

“…20,21 In several population-based studies, in healthy men and women, and also in patients with metabolic syndrome and patients with chronic heart failure, SUA has been shown to be positively correlated with CRP, IL-6 and TNFalpha. 6,[20][21][22][23][24] Recently, an association between hyperuricaemia and HT, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases has been observed in several studies. 20 Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close relationship between SUA levels and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or its components, independent of classical risk factors.…”

“…3,4 Also, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations have been observed in HT, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases and metabolic syndrome related with inflammatory status. 5,6 In this study, serum NLR, CRP and uric acid levels of patients with CSU were measured and it was investigated whether or not these parameters have an association with clinical disease activity.…”

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population- a cross sectional study from Western Uttar Pradesh, India

“…2 In addition to cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with a large number of clinical conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholesterol gall stones, obstructive sleep apnoea, hyperuricemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome and psoriasis. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The exact relationship between most of these conditions and metabolic syndrome is an area of ongoing research. Currently different diagnostic criteria exist for the diagnosis of Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India metabolic syndrome including those proposed by NCEP:ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Plan III), IDF (International Diabetes Federation) and WHO (World Health Organization).…”

Relación de la hiperuricemia con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad, las pruebas de funcionamiento hepático y los marcadores de inflamación sistémica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida

“…El ácido úrico (AU) es el producto final del metabolismo de las purinas 1 . Los valores de AU pueden incrementarse en respuesta tanto a factores ambientales como genéticos, conduciendo a hiperuricemia, que se define clínicamente como concentraciones sé-ricas de AU mayores de 7 mg/dl en hombres o 6 mg/ dl en mujeres 2 .…”