Review of Methods for Texture Analysis of Myocardium From Echocardiographic Images: A Means of Tissue Characterization

Kerut, Edmund Kenneth; Given, Michael B.; Giles, Thomas D.

doi:10.1111/j.0742-2822.2003.01126.x

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The biological basis of quantitative methods that have been introduced for the ultrasound tissue characterization is represented by the possibility that individual structural components of the myocardium can influence its acoustic properties in different physiologic and pathologic conditions [16]. These methods are essentially represented by radiofrequency (integrated backscatter) [17,18] and echocardiographic gray level (videodensitometry) analysis [19,20].…”

Section: Target Of Ultrasound Diagnosis: Present and Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound imaging versus morphopathology in cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial cell damage

Baroldi

Bigi

Cortigiani

2005

Cardiovasc Ultrasound

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This review article summarizes the results of histopathological and clinical imaging studies to assess myocardial necrosis in humans. Different histopathological features of myocardial cell necrosis are reviewed. In addition, the present role of echocardiographic techniques in assessing irreversible myocardial damage is briefly summarized.By myocardial cell damage we mean a primary damage of the myocardial cell. In fact, the myocardium includes several other structures as vessels (arteries, veins, lymphatics), nerves, collagen matrix, interstitium, which can be primarily altered with subsequent secondary damage of myocardial cells. In general, both clinicians and pathologists believe in a unique pattern of myocardial necrosis due to ischemia; less frequently to inflammatory processes or rarely to storage diseases. In reality, three types of myocardial cell necrosis can be recognized [1][2][3][4] in relation to contraction cycle.The myocardial cell may irreversibly arrest in: 1. relaxation 2. contraction 3. after progressive failure.1. In the first condition the early histologic pattern is characterized by mild eosinophilia, increased length of sarcomeres and elongation of nuclei. This myocellular stretching is due to the action of intraventricular pressure on these elements in flaccid paralysis and visible within 30 minutes. The lesion is pathognomonic for myocardial infarct with its sequelae, namely a polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration which starts after 6-8 hours and disappears within 5 days, centripetal removal of necrotic tissue by macrophages and substitution by collagen ending in acellular and avascular, dense, scar (Fig. 1). No repair by granulation tissue is observed. In humans the infarct is monofocal and its size ranges from less than 10% to more than 50% of the total left ventricular mass. Erroneously named "coagulation necrosis" (coagulation never occurs), is better defined as infarct or ischemic necrosis. In contrast to the current belief oriented to reduce or avoid expansion of an infarct, death due to a myocardial infarct is not related to its size. About half of these cases have a size less than 20% of the left ventricular mass (Tab. 1). The same table show that: a) infarct size is not related to severity of coronary atherosclerotic lumen reduction and number of main vessels with sever stenosis; b) long survival (interval from the beginning to death) prevails in large infarcts; c) extensive myocardial fibrosis, as expression of chronic disease, does not correlate with infarct size; and d) the frequency of an occlusive thrombus is significantly higher in the largest infarcts supporting its secondary formation [5].2. The opposite pattern is seen when the myocytes stop in contraction or better in hypercontraction (Fig. 2). In less than 10 minutes the hypercontracted myocardial cells

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Section: Target Of Ultrasound Diagnosis: Present and Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound imaging versus morphopathology in cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial cell damage

Baroldi

Bigi

Cortigiani

2005

Cardiovasc Ultrasound

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“…Myocardial tissue characterization by ultrasound was first used in 1957 in differentiation of infarcted hearts from normal hearts [31]. This technique is complementary to the conventional echocardiographic method in evaluating the myocardium [7,16,18,[32][33][34][35]. Previous studies showed that CV index enables us to discriminate ischemic [36], hypertensive [9,17], and diabetic [37] hearts from normal myocardium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between functional capacity and ultrasonic tissue characterization in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Yıldız

Karakaş²,

Çi̇men³

et al. 2013

Cardiol J

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Background: Ultrasonic tissue characterization (UTC) has been widely used to investigate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in various cardiac disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between functional capacity and UTC in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Methods and Results: Treadmill test according to modified-Bruce protocol was performed in 48 patients with IDCM to assess their functional capacity. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables were obtained and UTC was performed on images obtained from septum and posterior wall (PW). Cyclic variation (CV) index of mean gray level (MGL) was calculated according to the formula: [(MGLdiastole - 90%, 88%, 82%, and 94%, respectively and for the PW CV index, 90%, 88%, 82%, and 94%, respectively. Conclusions: In this particular study, we found out that in patients with severe LV dysfunction good exercise capacity was related to septum and PW CV indices measured by UTC, and these indices may be used as an indirect prognostic marker in heart failure. (Cardiol J 2013; 20, 6: 626-632)

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“…20 It is based on the principle that the interaction of ultrasound waves with normal myocardial tissue results in reflected ultrasonic signals that exhibit characteristics different from those obtained when ultrasound interacts with abnormal tissue (eg, fibrotic tissue). 21 These characteristics are amenable to quantification (one of the approaches being the measurement of tissue-integrated backscatter), that defines the myocardial structure and functional attributes. In this regard, an association between alterations in echoreflectivity, namely diminution in the cyclic variation of the backscatter signal, and an increase in fibrous tissue has been shown in the hearts of hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Non-invasive Physical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease

Dı́ez

2008

Circ J

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Although hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is clinically characterized by development of left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of a cause other than arterial hypertension, changes in the composition of myocardial tissue also develop in arterial hypertension, leading to structural remodeling of the myocardium (eg, fibrosis). Myocardial fibrosis is the major determinant of diastolic dysfunction/failure in patients with HHD. Recent available data on the determination of serum concentrations of collagen-derived serum peptides, as well as quantitative analysis of echoreflectivity to address the presence of fibrosis in the myocardium of hypertensive patients, are promising. In addition, preliminary data suggest that the goal of reducing myocardial fibrosis is achievable using specific pharmacological agents in patients with HHD. (Circ J 2008; Suppl A: A-8 -A-12)

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Review of Methods for Texture Analysis of Myocardium From Echocardiographic Images: A Means of Tissue Characterization

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Ultrasound imaging versus morphopathology in cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial cell damage

Ultrasound imaging versus morphopathology in cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial cell damage

The relationship between functional capacity and ultrasonic tissue characterization in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease

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