Review of Microplastic Distribution, Toxicity, Analysis Methods, and Removal Technologies

Park, Hanbai; Park, Beomseok

doi:10.3390/w13192736

Cited by 74 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…They come in a variety of shapes and colors. Commonly used plastics are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane, (PU), polystyrene (PS), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyamide nylon (PA) [1][2][3]. Most plastics are made of synthetic polymers, mainly derived from petroleum processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most plastics are made of synthetic polymers, mainly derived from petroleum processing. Commonly used plastics are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) [1][2][3]. The increasing amount of plastic waste with the development of the economy constitutes a serious environmental and economic problem in industrialized countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CH4 and CO2 Emissions from the Decomposition of Microplastics in the Bottom Sediment—Preliminary Studies

2022

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In recent years, a significant new threat to the environment has emerged, namely contamination with microplastics and their degradation products. The decomposition products of microplastics include, among others, greenhouse gases that are responsible for climate change. The article analyzes the emission of carbon dioxide and methane during the decomposition of various types of plastics in the form of microplastics in the bottom sediments in the presence of water. The research covers plastic materials made of polyvinyl chloride with a high and low content of plasticizers, polypropylene, and rubber. All analyzed microplastics generated the tested greenhouse gases. However, the quantity of gases generated depended on the type of polymer used. The highest concentration of methane, at 25,253 ppm after 180 days of incubation, was characterized by high plasticizer polyvinyl chloride, i.e., di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In the case of carbon dioxide emissions, the values were comparable. The maximum value was obtained at 65,662 ppm for polypropylene microplastics. The influence of particle size on the amount of the emissions of these gases was also investigated. During the decomposition of microplastics in the bottom sediments in the presence of water, it was observed that the smaller the microplastic particles are, the greater the production of methane and carbon dioxide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CH4 and CO2 Emissions from the Decomposition of Microplastics in the Bottom Sediment—Preliminary Studies

2022

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“…(2021) menemukan bahwa jumlah sampah plastik dengan ukuran meso (0.5-2.5 cm) di Teluk Manado densitasnya lebih tinggi dari pada bahan pencemar lainnya, ditemukan pada musim penghujan sebanyak 12,86 fragment/m² dan pada musim kemarau sebanyak 11,04 fragment/m². Sampah plastik yang berukuran meso akan terdegrdasi melalui proses fisika, kimia, maupun biologi menjadi ukuran mikro <5mm (Park, 2021). Bahan pencemar seperti mikroplastik yang masuk ke perairan Teluk Manado dapat mengurangi fungsi biologis dan ekologis dari ekosistem yang ada didalam perairan bahkan sampai kepada manusia melalui hasil perikanan (Patty, dkk.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

The form and distribution of microplastic in sediment and water columns of Manado Bay, North Sulawesi

Imanuel¹,

Pelle²,

Schaduw³

et al. 2022

JIP

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Microplastics are particles measuring <5mm that is the result of degradation from plastic waste that enters the environment. Plastic waste is degraded into microplastics through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Pollutants such as microplastics that enter the waters of Manado Bay can reduce the biological and ecological functions of the ecosystem in the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and density of microplastics in Manado Bay. The sediment sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling method and for the water, column using a plankton net withdrawal method of 10 meters with 3 replications at 3 stations. The sample will be prepared and then identified. Then the sample density was calculated and then analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation. The results showed that there were 4 forms of microplastic found, namely the form of fragments, films, fibers, and foams. The density of sediment sample 1 found 187 microplastic particles with a density of 63.38 particles/kg, at station 2 a total of 479 particles with a density of 182.12 particles/kg, and at station 3 a total of 311 particles with a density of 115.07 particles/kg. In station 1 seawater samples were found 154 particles with a density of 7.26 particles/m³, station 2 a total of 299 particles with a density of 14.10 particles/m³.Keywords: microplastic, shape, density, Manado Bay AbstrakMikroplastik adalah partikel berukuran <5mm hasil degradasi dari sampah plastik yang masuk ke lingkungan. Sampah plastik terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. Bahan pencemar mikroplastik yang masuk ke perairan Teluk Manado dapat mengurangi fungsi biologis dan ekologis dari ekosistem yang ada di dalam perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bentuk dan distribusi mikroplastik yang ada di Teluk Manado. Metode pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan untuk kolom perairan menggunakan metode penarikan plankton net sepanjang 10 meter sebanyak 3 kali ulangan di 3 stasiun. Sampel akan dipreparasi kemudian diidentifikasi. Selanjutnya sampel dihitung kepadatannya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 4 bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu bentuk fragmen, film, fiber, dan busa. Kepadatan pada sampel sedimen 1 ditemukan 187 partikel mikroplastik dengan kepadatan 63,38 partikel/kg, pada stasiun 2 total 479 partikel dengan kepadatan 182,12 partikel/kg, dan pada stasiun 3 total 311 partikel dengan kepadatan 115,07 partikel/kg. Pada sampel air laut stasiun 1 ditemukan 154 partikel dengan kepadatan 7,26 partikel/m³, stasiun 2 total 299 partikel dengan kepadatan 14,10 partikel/m³.Kata kunci: mikroplastik, bentuk, kepadatan, Teluk Manado

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“…The annual production of plastics and microplastics is soaring. Thus, in 2018, the global production of plastics exceeded 360 million metric tons [13]. Since the biological interactions of these particles are size-dependent, smaller particles are more active and dangerous than larger ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of zinc metals and microplastics by biosynthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles from isolated bacteria of the Caspian Sea, Iran

Haghighatjoo

Hanachi

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The high levels of environmental pollutants like heavy metals and microplastics have prompted researchers to invent new remediation strategies, which might be accompanied by drawbacks, including the risk of secondary pollution, being costly, and inefficient. So, the aim of this study is the reduction of these environmental pollutants by the application of nanoparticle-producing bacteria. For this purpose, from 22 screened bacterial isolates of the Caspian Sea, the isolate (N1.5.2) was used to produce ZnO NPs, which were characterized by techniques like FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM, EDX, UV-vis spectroscopy, Zeta potential, and DLS. Subsequently, different protocols of bacterial nanoparticle production (using supernatant, extract, biomass, and dilution) were compared by UV-vis spectroscopy. Then, the produced nanoparticles were applied to polystyrene microplastics to degrade them. This process was monitored by SEM and FTIR. The selected bacterial isolate (N1.5.2) was identified and its phylogenetic tree of life was depicted. The results of the blast illustrated 100% similarity of N1.5.2 to Bacillus cereus. The produced ZnO NPs peaked at 360 nm in their UV-vis spectrum. They showed a crystalline structure in the zincite phase and dispersed in the range of 171–262 nm in an aqueous environment with a PDI of 0.444 and zeta potential of -5.60 meV. Moreover, the comparative study between different production protocols has shown that ZnO nanoparticles produced by bacterial extract have higher UV-vis peak values. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs and microplastic degradation has been proved by SEM and FTIR.

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Review of Microplastic Distribution, Toxicity, Analysis Methods, and Removal Technologies

Cited by 74 publications

References 155 publications

CH4 and CO2 Emissions from the Decomposition of Microplastics in the Bottom Sediment—Preliminary Studies

CH4 and CO2 Emissions from the Decomposition of Microplastics in the Bottom Sediment—Preliminary Studies

The form and distribution of microplastic in sediment and water columns of Manado Bay, North Sulawesi

Bioremediation of zinc metals and microplastics by biosynthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles from isolated bacteria of the Caspian Sea, Iran

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