“…In addition to the previously mentioned topics, new keywords like optimization, degradation, and behavior have emerged. These are related to research on improving biogas purity through microwave pretreatment (Wang et al 2022 ; Luo et al 2023 ), enhancing sludge hydrolysis post-microwaving (Cheng et al 2023 ), and the destruction of cellulose in sludge (Kazawadi et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
This manuscript presents a scientometric review of recent advances in microwave pretreatment processes for sewage sludge, systematically identifying existing gaps and prospects. For this purpose, 1763 papers on the application of microwave technology to sludge pretreatment were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) using relevant keywords. These publications were then analyzed using diverse scientometric indices. The results show that research in this field encompasses applications based on the non-thermal effects of microwaves, enhanced effectiveness of anaerobic digestion (AD), and the energy balance of this pretreatment system. Overcoming existing technical challenges, such as the cleavage of extracellular polymers, reducing microwave energy consumption, understanding the non-thermal effects of microwaves, promoting AD of sludge in combination with other chemical and physical methods, and expanding the application of the technology, are the main scientific focuses. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines both the constraints and potential of microwave pretreatment technology for wastewater treatment.
“…In addition to the previously mentioned topics, new keywords like optimization, degradation, and behavior have emerged. These are related to research on improving biogas purity through microwave pretreatment (Wang et al 2022 ; Luo et al 2023 ), enhancing sludge hydrolysis post-microwaving (Cheng et al 2023 ), and the destruction of cellulose in sludge (Kazawadi et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
This manuscript presents a scientometric review of recent advances in microwave pretreatment processes for sewage sludge, systematically identifying existing gaps and prospects. For this purpose, 1763 papers on the application of microwave technology to sludge pretreatment were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) using relevant keywords. These publications were then analyzed using diverse scientometric indices. The results show that research in this field encompasses applications based on the non-thermal effects of microwaves, enhanced effectiveness of anaerobic digestion (AD), and the energy balance of this pretreatment system. Overcoming existing technical challenges, such as the cleavage of extracellular polymers, reducing microwave energy consumption, understanding the non-thermal effects of microwaves, promoting AD of sludge in combination with other chemical and physical methods, and expanding the application of the technology, are the main scientific focuses. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines both the constraints and potential of microwave pretreatment technology for wastewater treatment.
“…[106,107] Because the full oil feedstock is utilized, the generation of bio-oil through pyrolysis can aid in reducing waste created during the manufacturing of biodiesel. [108] Additional study is required to determine if pyrolysis is feasible and cost-effective for large-scale biodiesel production. Furthermore, the quality of the bio-oil produced during pyrolysis can vary greatly depending on the feedstock and the processing circumstances, and it may be necessary to refine or process the bio-oil further to obtain a high-quality biodiesel product.…”
Section: Pyrolysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Capturing the heat released during pyrolysis and putting it to productive use is one way to increase the energy efficiency of the biodiesel production process as a whole [106,107] . Because the full oil feedstock is utilized, the generation of bio‐oil through pyrolysis can aid in reducing waste created during the manufacturing of biodiesel [108] …”
Biodiesel produced from different edible and non‐edible feedstocks is a viable alternative option for fueling a combustion engine. However, the widespread use of edible sources for biodiesel production may lead to food versus fuel controversy. Oil from non‐edible feedstock is best possible solution for problems that inhibits biodiesel production on commercial scale. This study presents the potential of different non‐edible feedstock for biodiesel production. Several aspects such as extraction technologies used for extracting oil from non‐edible sources and biodiesel production pathways from non‐edible feedstocks are discussed. The quality of biodiesel should be assured before its commercialization by different physical and chemical characterization techniques are used. In particular, the emission comparison of biodiesel derived from the different non‐edible feedstocks is discussed. Based on this study, the non‐edible feedstocks have the potential to produce biodiesel but still it has a long way to go. This is due to non‐edible feedstock is in the R&D phase and needs more research to eliminate additional treatment steps compared to edible feedstock for economic aspects. Furthermore, there has been a trade off in emission properties of biodiesels produced from non‐edible feedstocks which must be removed or evaluated for pilot scale investigations before commercialization.
“…Therefore, the use of renewable resources in the production of chemicals/energies is deemed a strategic or principal measure to minimize the detrimental environmental consequences of global warming . Except for biomass, most renewable resources are not based on matter (or carbon-based material); , hence, biomass is the only renewable resource that can meet the high demand of carbon. , The carbon cycle of biomass is much shorter than that of fossil resources, which makes biomass a carbon-neutral material by counterbalancing carbon sink and CO 2 emission …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 Except for biomass, most renewable resources are not based on matter (or carbon-based material); 4,9 hence, biomass is the only renewable resource that can meet the high demand of carbon. 4,10 The carbon cycle of biomass is much shorter than that of fossil resources, 11 which makes biomass a carbon-neutral material by counterbalancing carbon sink and CO 2 emission. 12 To adopt biogenic carbon in the production of chemicals and energy practically, a secure supply chain of biomass must be prioritized.…”
Microalgal biomass has a high CO2 fixation
and growth
rate when using CO2 as a carbon source. Moreover, biomass
can also be employed as a carbon resource to produce biofuels and
chemicals. As the growth rate of extremophilic microalgae remains
unaffected by harsh conditions, the present study proposes that these
microalgae (such as Galdieria sulphuraria) are a rapidly growing carbon resource for syngas production. Hence,
two different experiments were performed as part of this study: (1)
cultivation of G. sulphuraria under
outdoor conditions and (2) conversion of G. sulphuraria into syngas. The productivity of G. sulphuraria under mixotrophic condition (0.82 g L–1 d–1) was about 1.6 faster than a widely cultivated Chlorella sp. HS2. Moreover, G. sulphuraria was converted into syngas using CO2 as a co-feedstock.
The simultaneous reduction of CO2 and the oxidation of
volatile matter (VM) from the thermolysis of G. sulphuraria promoted syngas formation. The chemical reaction was influenced
by the molecular size of the VMs. In the presence of the Ni catalyst,
low-molecular-weight VMs were formed owing to chemical bond scissions.
Syngas formation under CO2 doubled compared with that under
inert conditions. The findings suggest that G. sulphuraria is a feasible carbon source for CO2 fixation and chemical
production.
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