Review of oil shale in-situ conversion technology

Kang, Zhiqin; Zhao, Yangsheng; Yang, Dinglong

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115121

Cited by 283 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…[26,27] In Australia, the permitted concentration for oil in water streams at discharge limit is only 30ppm day −1 and about 50 mg l −1 instantaneously. [28] For the North Sea region, "the Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) convention, the maximum oil concentration at the point of discharge is only 30 ppm. [29] According to this convention, the maximal oil concentration at discharge point in the sea is 40 ppm as fields for the offshore and only five ppm for the on-land areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Shalaby

Sołowski

Abbas

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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found with other insoluble matter, presenting relevant problems with safe and convenient separation. The legal discharge of oil-water emulsions is a complex process. [4] Thus, environmental authorities have established stringent regulations to cope with it. [5] Depending on countries, the oil limits are concentrations below 40 ppm as in Vietnam, [6] and in other countries like Korea, the maximum is only five ppm of oil in discharge. [7] Generally, the oil phase in water has three forms, based on oil droplets, size of more than 150 micrometers is called free oil, but that size found from 50 to 150 micrometers is the dispersed oil, [8] finally, the emulsified oil less than 20 µm. There is an increasing interest in employing membrane technology for filtering smaller size oil droplets. In this review, oil-water emulsion problems are highlighted with oil-water separation techniques selection and their performance with varied oil concentration and composition of other immiscible or miscible components. [9] Membrane technology is known formerly to economically advantageous for oily wastewater (OWW) treatment compared with other conventional technologies. [9] Based on the literature, the membranebased treatment cost estimation was about 1 and 3 $ m −3 , [10] lower than for dissolved air floatation (DAF) treatment (cost was 3.65 $ m −3 ). Generally, the treatment cost depends on OWW sources, as each industry has its specific blends for oil and grease jointly with other membrane foulants. [11] For example, oil-water emulsions treatment from the fatty acid industry has a total capital cost (costs of membranes, electricity, labor, cleaning, and maintenance) of 2.65 $ m −3 , compared with the railroad industry (it was ranged from 1.03 to 1.48 $ m −3 ). These costs for the metalworking OWW using UF were 2.8 $ m −3 . In microfiltration (MF) membrane, the OWW membrane-based treatment for oil concentration of 50 ppm annual cost was estimated as 0.098 $ m −3 with a feed rate of 100 m 3 day −1 . [9] The cost of membrane-based treatment of OWW is generally varying but is lower than conventional technologies. [12] 1.1. Oil-Water Emulsions Sources, Environmental Hazard, and Discharge Limits An oil-water emulsion is either a waste stream product, or secondary product. These effluents are generated from different areas and industrial sectors like the petroleum& gas sector, food processing, shipping facilities and maritime, and many others Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil-water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to im...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Shalaby

Sołowski

Abbas

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Since the groundbreaking progress made by the United States on shale oil in Bakken reserves in the 1950s, technology related to shale oil in the US has been developing rapidly and achieved its profitability in 2018 (Soeder, 2018;Hackley et al, 2020;Solarin et al, 2020;Ulrich-Schad et al, 2020). Drawing lessons from the experience of the USA's shale oil development, China began to explore the technology and practice on shale oil exploration and development and made a step forward on fields including geological theory, exploration and development technology, and experimental techniques (Hou et al, 2020;Hou et al, 2021a;Kang et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2020a;Ma et al, 2020b;Zhao et al, 2020a;Zhu et al, 2021). However, more researches are needed to tackle problems related to the quantitative evaluation of the total retained oil content, the occurrence mechanism of shale oil, and pores and fluid flowing mechanism in shale formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Measurement of Retained Oil in Organic-Rich Shale—A Case Study on the Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin, China

Hou

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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This study proposes a method to calculate the retained oil content (WO) in cores collected by a sealed tool from organic-rich shale with thermal maturity around%Ro = 0.8 in the Ordos Basin, China. Approaches such as soaking cores at low temperature, multiple extractions, multiple pyrolysis, and multiple chromatographic analyses were conducted and then the relationships between total retained oil content and mineral compositions were analyzed. The total retained oil content measured by the method proposed in this paper is 60–260% higher than that measured by a conventional pyrolysis method and 34–69% higher than the sum (WO) of two extractions with dichloromethane (WO3) and chloroform (WO4). After extractions with dichloromethane and chloroform (WO5), the oil retained in the organic-rich shale was 4.7–11.6%, which has not been extracted. Positive correlations exist between WO (i.e., WO3 + WO4) and total organic carbon (TOC) and S1 (absorbed hydrocarbon by rock pyrolysis), and WO has the highest correlation coefficient with the former. The method can provide important guidance for the objective analysis of retained oil in organic-rich shale, and it is reliable for the evaluation of shale oil reserves.

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“…The United States has the largest oil shale reserves at 530.5 billion tons. China's reserves are 47.6 billion tons [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil Shale

Pan

et al. 2021

Scanning

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This paper briefly describes the research status of oil shale pyrolysis technology and the main factors affecting oil shale pyrolysis, with emphasis on four kinds of commonly used catalysts: The effects of natural minerals, metal compounds, molecular sixes, and supported catalysts on the pyrolysis of oil shale were discussed. The changes of the pyrolysis mechanism and product composition of oil shale with the addition of different catalysts were discussed. Finally, the development direction of preparation of new catalysts was discussed, in order to provide a prospect for the development and utilization of unconventional and strategic alternative energy resources around the world.

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Review of oil shale in-situ conversion technology

Cited by 283 publications

References 153 publications

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Quantitative Measurement of Retained Oil in Organic-Rich Shale—A Case Study on the Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin, China

Progress in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil Shale

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