Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems

Abstract

There is a continuous and fast increase in electric vehicles (EVs) adoption in many countries due to the reduction of EVs prices, governments’ incentives and subsidies on EVs, the need for energy independence, and environmental issues. It is expected that EVs will dominate the private cars market in the coming years. These EVs charge their batteries from the power grid and may cause severe effects if not managed properly. On the other hand, they can provide many benefits to the power grid and get revenues for EV owners if managed properly. The main contribution of the article is to provide a review of potential negative impacts of EVs charging on electric power systems mainly due to uncontrolled charging and how through controlled charging and discharging those impacts can be reduced and become even positive impacts. The impacts of uncontrolled EVs charging on the increase of peak demand, voltage deviation from the acceptable limits, phase unbalance due to the single-phase chargers, harmonics distortion, overloading of the power system equipment, and increase of power losses are presented. Furthermore, a review of the positive impacts of controlled EVs charging and discharging, and the electrical services that it can provide like frequency regulation, voltage regulation and reactive power compensation, congestion management, and improving power quality are presented. Moreover, a few promising research topics that need more investigation in future research are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the concepts and general background of EVs, EVs market, EV charging technology, the charging methods are presented.

PV-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Preliminary Requirements and Feasibility Conditions

“…The parking time is the time when the EV is in the charging station. is calculated based on Equation (7). Figure 9 shows the system power flows and the stationary storage SOC evolution.…”

“…The parking time is the time when the EV is in the charging station. Based on the hypotheses presented in Table 2, including the parking time as a known variable, the charging power p EV v is calculated based on Equation (7). Figure 9 shows the system power flows and the stationary storage SOC evolution.…”

A Decision-Making Framework for the Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering the Priorities of the Driver

“…The third criterion is related to the maximisation of the resource utilisation of the CS. The utilisation is calculated during each timeslot by the division of the charging current with the nominal current of a charger (3). The timeslots in which the EV is not being charged are not considered, as the resource-sharing approach releases the occupied resources during those timeslots.…”

“…In addition, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electric grid enables the distributed energy production and management, following the philosophy of the smart grid [2]. Nevertheless, the introduction of EVs disrupts the operation of the power grid [3], in a similar manner to the introduction of renewable energy sources in the past. As a result, novel energy management techniques should be introduced to ensure the stability of the power grid, and transform EVs from being passive energy consumers, into being active elements of the smart grid [4].…”

Standalone electric vehicle charging station using an isolated bidirectional converter with snubber

“…Although EVs came into existence in the early 20th century, the revolutionary transition from gasoline to EVs occurred in the 21st century due to the increased global concerns regarding climate change and the rising price of crude oil. Nevertheless, numerous challenges obstruct massive‐scale adoption of EVs, and one of the significant challenges is the lack of infrastructure for the fast charging of EVs 1 …”