2018
DOI: 10.3390/s18010232
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Review of Recent Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensors

Abstract: Metamaterial elements/arrays exhibit a sensitive response to fluids yet with a small footprint, therefore, they have been an attractive choice to realize various sensing devices when integrated with microfluidic technology. Micro-channels made from inexpensive biocompatible materials avoid any contamination from environment and require only microliter–nanoliter sample for sensing. Simple design, easy fabrication process, light weight prototype, and instant measurements are advantages as compared to conventiona… Show more

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Cited by 182 publications
(106 citation statements)
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References 86 publications
(141 reference statements)
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“…Dielectric Constant Frequency Range (GHz) Resonant Frequency Shift (MHz) [19] 66 for 10% methanol and 77 for the 10% ethanol 4-5 35 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [20] 39 for 40% ethanol 1.3-2.3 40 [21] 58 for methanol 40% and 57 for 40% ethanol 1.7-2.1 30 for methanol and 15 for ethanol [25] 55 for 30% ethanol 1-3 90 [26] 57 for 40% methanol and 53 for 40% ethanol 0.8-2.2 20 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [27] 76.84 for water, 6.62 for ethanol and 20.54 for methanol 2, 5, and 7 8 for water, 2 for methanol, 3 for ethanol [28] 59 for 40% ethanol 0.8-0.95 10 This work 77.5 for water, 57 for 40% methanol and 56 for 40% Ethanol 2.5-3.5 100 for water, 90 for methanol, and 80 for ethanol Table 2. Comparison of sensitivity for the rest chemical samples between our proposed structure and other in literature.…”
Section: Referencementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Dielectric Constant Frequency Range (GHz) Resonant Frequency Shift (MHz) [19] 66 for 10% methanol and 77 for the 10% ethanol 4-5 35 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [20] 39 for 40% ethanol 1.3-2.3 40 [21] 58 for methanol 40% and 57 for 40% ethanol 1.7-2.1 30 for methanol and 15 for ethanol [25] 55 for 30% ethanol 1-3 90 [26] 57 for 40% methanol and 53 for 40% ethanol 0.8-2.2 20 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [27] 76.84 for water, 6.62 for ethanol and 20.54 for methanol 2, 5, and 7 8 for water, 2 for methanol, 3 for ethanol [28] 59 for 40% ethanol 0.8-0.95 10 This work 77.5 for water, 57 for 40% methanol and 56 for 40% Ethanol 2.5-3.5 100 for water, 90 for methanol, and 80 for ethanol Table 2. Comparison of sensitivity for the rest chemical samples between our proposed structure and other in literature.…”
Section: Referencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, several studies were published in literature emphasizing the use of metamaterial-based microfluidic sensors for dielectric characterization. For instance, Mehmet Bakır et al investigated square split ring resonators in X-band frequency range (8.2-12.4 GHz) for the detection of transformer oil and microfluidics both numerically and experimentally [18][19][20][21]. Furthermore, multifunction metamaterial sensors have been used for various applications such as humidity, pressure, thickness, density and temperature sensing in the X-band frequency range [22,23].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 4,5 ] The development of low cost and disposable paper‐based MFDs, integrated with novel assay formats, have resulted in decreased time for testing and complexity of diagnostic tests. [ 6–8 ]…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years, an alternative sensing system, based on engineered materials or metamaterials (MTMs), MTM-inspired sensors , passive devices ranging from GHz to THz range, has been introduced for testing different substances such as solid (dielectric and metallic) materials [5,14], liquids [2-4, 7, 9-13, 15-23], microparticles [8], and biomolecules [24,35], to name a few. Microfluidic sensors [36] with their label-free, non-destructive characteristics, no-contact, instant measurements, low-cost, and lowprofile [1,2], can be a substitute for optical, electrochemical and biological sensors. It was also shown that a single negative MTM surface can have multifunctional usages, i.e., sensors and absorbers [22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fundamental principle of these MTM-inspired microfluid microwave sensors is correlated with the dielectric perturbation phenomenon. The electromagnetic boundary conditions are stimulated and resonated when a testing sample is integrated in the sensor system, resulting in: (i) the shift of the resonant frequency, associated with material polarization, and (ii) the change in quality (Q-) factors, related to the dielectric loss of material [2]. Both changes have been implemented to measure the relative complex dielectric constant or permittivity of the testing sample.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%