Review of Recent Offshore Wind Turbine Research and Optimization Methodologies in Their Design

Abstract

As international efforts to address climate change grow, an increasing number of countries and companies have put forward a clear “net zero” goal through accelerated renewable-energy development. As a renewable energy source, offshore wind energy has received particular attention from many countries and is a highly active research area. However, the design of offshore wind turbine structures faces challenges due to the large and complex design parameter space as well as different operational requirements and environmental conditions. Advanced optimization technology must be employed to address these challenges. Using an efficient optimization algorithm, it is possible to obtain optimized parameters for offshore wind turbine structures, balancing energy generation performance and the life of the floating wind turbine. This paper presents a review of the types and fundamental principles of several critical optimization technologies along with their application in the design process, with a focus on offshore wind turbine structures. It concludes with a discussion of the future prospects of optimization technology in offshore wind research.

Parametrisation Scheme for Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimisation of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Substructure – OC3 5MW Case Study

“…This work shows that the application of potential flow theory to the platform model is justified as computed hydrodynamic coefficients for the model are consistent with the OC4 DeepCwind model [7]. Design and optimization approaches for offshore wind turbines can be divided into various methods amongst which are optimization based on static analysis approach, frequency domain approach and time domain approach [8]. The optimizers can be derivative based or metaheuristic-based optimizers.…”

“…The optimizers can be derivative based or metaheuristic-based optimizers. Optimization based on frequency domain analysis has the advantage of lower computational cost over optimization based on the time-domain analysis [8]. A review of optimization based on frequency domain analysis is detailed in the work of Gentils et al [9] in which they minimized the mass of the support structure under multi criteria constraints for a 5MW offshore wind turbine for an OC3 monopile using a Genetic Algorithm (GA).…”

“…This statement, in the context of minimizing objective function can be represented as expressed in equations (4) to (8). Find: 𝑥 ̂= [𝑥 1 , 𝑥 2 , … , 𝑥 𝑘 ] (4) That minimizes 𝑓 ̂(𝑥) (5) Subject to 𝑥 ̂𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ≤ 𝑥 ̂≤ 𝑥 ̂𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟(6)ℎ 𝑖 (𝑥) = 0; 𝑖 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑚(7)𝑔 𝑗 (𝑥) ≤ 0; 𝑗 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑝(8)…”

Analysis of Vertical Wind Shear Effects on Offshore Wind Energy Prediction Accuracy Applying Rotor Equivalent Wind Speed and the Relationship with Atmospheric Stability

“…To set the effective measurement azimuth of the wind direction, the wind direction affected by the nearby wind turbines was determined by the location (separation distance, angle) between the turbines. Accordingly, the distortion azimuth that should be excluded from the effective measurement azimuth due to the wake effect from the adjacent wind turbine was calculated using Equation (14). However, to check the sensitivity of the analysis result to the wake effect, the wake effect cannot be completely excluded, so the main wind direction of the offshore LiDAR was commonly applied, despite the calculation of the effective azimuth for each turbine.…”

“…Meanwhile, domestic and foreign wind turbine manufacturers have developed generators with unit capacity of more than 10 MW and obtained type certification since 2018 [14,15]. Vestas V236-15MW, GE Haliade-X 14.0, Siemens-Gamesa SG14-222DD, and Mingyang MySE 16.0-242 wind turbines have already been certified for prototype production and commercialization.…”