South Korea is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The characteristics of offshore wind resources vary from region to region due to the influence of the distribution of the coastline and differences in roughness length and atmospheric stability between the coast and the sea. In particular, turbulent gusts and low-level wind shear occurring near the hub height of the wind turbine within the atmospheric boundary layer have a significant effect on the load of wind turbines. These severe weather phenomena are closely related to atmospheric stability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine differences in wind resource characteristics in the South Korean offshore and coast in relation to variations in atmospheric stability using observation data from the HeMOSU-1 meteorological tower in the West Sea and the Boseong meteorological observation tower on the southern coast. On the southern coast, changes in sea and land breezes are observed throughout diurnal and nocturnal periods, with an atmospheric stability distribution similar to that of land, which is unstable during the day and becomes more stable at night. On the other hand, the stable ratio continues to dominate in the west offshore. In the case of coastal areas, low-level wind shear occasionally occurs near the general wind turbine hub height approximately over 100 m due to the influence of winds from the sea. This study shows that when constructing an offshore wind farm, it is necessary to first analyze the characteristics of local coastal and offshore wind resources for more efficient and safe wind farm construction and operation.

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With the international trend of promoting eco-friendly renewable energy for carbon neutrality and the Paris Agreement, South Korea is focusing its national energy mix on renewable energy. Especially, offshore wind energy will be expanded a total power capacity of 12 GW by 2030, which is expected to become South Korea’s most important energy source and industrial dynamic force in the future. With the support of the Korean government, many domestic and foreign developers are taking the lead in developing fixed/floating offshore wind energy projects and O&M technology. Through this chapter, we would like to introduce the current status of offshore wind energy in the South Korea, support policies, infrastructure, and issues up to the first quarter of 2022.

This study is to analyze the effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) on the distribution of vertical wind speed in the atmospheric boundary layer of coastal area. It is generally known that coastal areas are more susceptible to various weather factors due to interannual variation of sea surface temperature than inland areas. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between sea surface temperature using the Era-interim reanalysis data and wind speed data based on the meteorological tower data of Hovsore, wind power test bed area in the Danish coastal area. Furthermore, the possibility of disaster caused by vertical wind shear due to sea surface temperature change is discussed. As a result of correlation analysis between the wind data of the meteorological tower and the sea surface temperature of the reanalysis data, the wind speed and the vertical wind shear from the sea are stronger than those from the inland and they are sensitive to the seasonal sea surface temperature changes.