Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen

Dehgahi, Raheleh; Subramaniam, Sreeramanan; Zakaria, Latiffah; Joniyas, Alireza; Firouzjahi, Farid Beiki; Haghnama, Kianoosh; Razinataj, Mohammad

doi:10.12983/ijsras-2015-p0197-0208

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Plant pathogenic fungi attack root system and limit the absorption, assimilation and translocation of nutrients in roots and other parts of diseased plant (Marschner 1995;Huber and Graham 1999;Dordas 2008). Moreover, pathogens utilize nutrients for their growth and survival, which results in deficiency of nutrients' availability to plant, thereby increasing disease susceptibility (Spann and Schumann 2009).The secondary metabolites of plant pathogens such as mycotoxins enhance the opening of stomata via activating an H + -pump in the plasma membrane through stimulation of H + -ATPase, which creates an electrochemical gradient to drive elements as K + influx into guard cells (Zeng et al 2010;Dong et al 2012;Dehgahi et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Hashem

Radhakrishnan

Kumar

2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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This study was aimed to elucidate the mitigation mechanism of an endophytic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (BERA 71) against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid disease in mung bean. M. phaseolina reduced the plant growth by inducing disease, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and lipid peroxidation. The inoculation of B. subtilis to diseased plants increased chlorophyll, ascorbic acids, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, and while inhibited H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation for enhancing plant growth. In addition, B. subtilis association in plants mitigated the M. phaseolina infection due to increase of indole acetic acids and indole butyric acid, and also a decrease of abscisic acid. However, the nutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) were increased, except Na in M. phaseolina diseased plants treated with B. subtilis. The result of this study suggests that B. subtilis interaction with plants can modulate the metabolism of pigments, hormones, antioxidants and nutrients against M. phaseolina to induce disease resistance in mung bean. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Hashem

Radhakrishnan

Kumar

2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…Most probably, the activation of defense gene release the AMPs which might suppresse the pathogen in soil thus developes SAR in whole plant (Che et al 2011). The activities of antioxidant enzymes are well regulated under normal conditions but altered under a stress environment (Dehgahi et al 2015). Production of ROS due to zinc deficiency or after pathogen infection could result in alteration in health markers (photosynthetic pigment and carotenoids).…”

Section: Plant Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of ROS due to zinc deficiency or after pathogen infection could result in alteration in health markers (photosynthetic pigment and carotenoids). It appears that toxins of M. phaseolina damaged chlorophylls (health markers) by disturbing photosystems (Dehgahi et al 2015). The importance of zinc in cell wall development, respirational membranes, photosynthetic membranes, chlorophyll formation and rate of maturity is well reported (Samant 2000).…”

Section: Plant Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophomina phaseolinaalters the biochemical pathway inVigna radiatachastened by Zn²⁺and FYM to improve plant growth

Khan

Shoaib

Awan

et al. 2018

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important cash pulse crop extensively cultivated in the arid region of Pakistan, which encounters intimidating charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. The current research was conducted to check the potential of Zn (1.25, 2.44 and 5 mg kg −1) and FYM [farmyard manure (1% and 2%)] in mono-, bi-and trilateral interaction in managing disease and improving yield. Suppression of plant immunity by M. phaseolina was indicated by the change in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and cell wall strengthening enzymes (POX and PAL) that revealed inability of the protein receptor to identify the pathogen elicitor. FYM improved soil physicochemical properties and beneficial microbes activity, which released antimicrobial protein-and plant defense-stimulating protein and in response to ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling molecules plant susceptibility was reduced. However, Zn as a co-factor chastened the ROS in stressed cells by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in favor of the plant. The complex interaction of FYM and Zn potentially hijacked the further multiplication of pathogen. Finally, soil amendment improved biological attributes and grain yield to profitable farming in terms of harvest index percentage and benefit-cost ratio.

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“…Researches on elucidation of host defensive responses to pathogen invasion have determined catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and "pathogenesis related" (PR) proteins viz. chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase as vital defense-related enzymes of plants, and extensively studied in the research of plant defense against phytopathogens (Swarupa et al, 2014, Dehgahi et al, 2015. Ramachandra et al (2000) suggested use of β-1,3-glucanase as a biochemical marker for screening of downy mildew resistant cultivars in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) on the basis of differential enzyme activity among resistant and susceptible cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Temporal and Spatial Variation in Host Defence Enzymes in Response to Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea

Datta¹,

Lal²

2018

J microb biotech food sci

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The present study evaluated the defense response of Chickpea wilt resistant and susceptible cultivars inoculated with pathogen Fusarium oxyporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc). Evaluation of pre-induced and pathogen-induced defense at 7 (S1), 15 (S2) and 30 (S3) days showed that the enzymatic activities differed not only within the root, stem and leaves but also between susceptible and resistant cultivars of chickpea and increased after inoculation with Foc. Peroxidase (PO) activity increased in all the tissues from S1 to S2 and declined thereafter. Conspicuous changes occurred at the rate of increase in activity of the enzyme between resistant and susceptible cultivars upon Foc inoculation over their corresponding control at the S2. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in resistant cultivars increased by 30% with over uninoculated control and induction was up to S3. The level of enzyme activity diminished from S2 to S3 and even fell below control levels in susceptible cultivars. Catalase (CAT) activity followed peroxidase trend however it was induced at S1 in Foc inoculated and at S2 in un-inoculated plants. Increase in CAT induction was significant in leaf tissues of infected plants and continued up to S3. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity increased from S1 to S2 and thereafter it either slightly decreased or remained unchanged at S3. Foc inoculation elicited a sharp increase in PAL activity in the leaf and stem tissue of resistant cultivars. Foc inoculated induced β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the test cultivars. Maximum induction of chitinase was observed at S2 in roots of resistant cultivars whereas un-inoculated plants showed much less conspicuous changes. β-1,3-glucanase activity was high in stem tissues. Both control and challenged plants had higher levels of β-1,3-glucanase activity at S2 and S3, but the proportionate increase was much higher in resistant cultivars. The expression pattern of these defense enzymes reveals their use as established resistance markers and provides scope for manipulating their expression and development of wilt-resistant transgenic chickpea.

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Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Macrophomina phaseolinaalters the biochemical pathway inVigna radiatachastened by Zn²⁺and FYM to improve plant growth

Induced Temporal and Spatial Variation in Host Defence Enzymes in Response to Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea

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Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Plant defense approach ofBacillus subtilis(BERA 71) againstMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid in mung bean

Macrophomina phaseolinaalters the biochemical pathway inVigna radiatachastened by Zn2+and FYM to improve plant growth

Induced Temporal and Spatial Variation in Host Defence Enzymes in Response to Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea

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Macrophomina phaseolinaalters the biochemical pathway inVigna radiatachastened by Zn²⁺and FYM to improve plant growth