Review of salt hydrates-based thermochemical adsorption thermal storage technologies

Wu, Haoting; Yan, Hongfei; Zhang, Xuelai; Xu, Xidong; Zhang, Liyu; Shi, Yao

doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106158

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Compared to commercially available SHS and LHS technologies, TCES is the most promising, as it has several positive elements, such as high energy storage density, long storage period, and negligible system heat losses [2]. Salt hydrates have been widely employed in TCES, where heat is recovered through an exothermic reaction with humid air, one of the most abundant resources on earth [3,4]. A key advantage of this reaction is its reversibility, whereby energy can be stored via dehydration using hot, dry air, enabling reuse when needed [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage

Li,

Buisson,

Clark

et al. 2024

Energies

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Thermochemical energy storage using salt hydrates is a promising method for the efficient use of energy. In this study, three host matrices, expanded vermiculite, expanded clay, and expanded natural graphite were impregnated with a eutectic mixture of CaCl2·6H2O and bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O). These composites were subjected to various humidity conditions (30–70% relative humidity) at 20 °C over an extended hydration period to investigate their cyclability. It was shown that only expanded natural graphite could contain the deliquescent salt at high humidity over 50 cycles. Hence, the expanded natural graphite composites containing either CaCl2·6H2O or CaCl2·6H2O/bischofite eutectic mixture were placed in a lab-scale open packed bed reactor, providing energy densities of 150 and 120 kWh/m3 over 20 h, respectively. The eutectic composite showed slightly lower temperature lift, water uptake rate, and power output but at reduced cost. Using the eutectic mixture also decreased the composite’s dehydration temperature at which the maximum mass loss rate occurred around 16.2 °C to 62.3 °C, allowing recharge using less energy-intensive heating methods. The cost of storing 1 kWh of energy with expanded natural graphite composites is only USD 0.08 due to its stability. This research leveraging cost-effective composites with enhanced stability, reaction kinetics, and high thermal energy storage capabilities benefits renewable energy, power generation, and the building construction research communities and industries by providing a competitive alternative to sensible heat storage technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the existing literature on TCES using salt-impregnated matrices has overlooked the long-term performance under practical scale or challenging hydration conditions [4,6,15,16,18]. For example, studies on salt-impregnated ENG have had little emphasis on success with practical cyclability beyond the scale of TGA/DSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage

Li,

Buisson,

Clark

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…TCS can be obtained with two types of thermochemical processes: adsorption, and reaction. Heat storage using thermochemical adsorption with salt hydrates has received increasing international attention because of its environmental adaptability, heat storage capacity, environmental protection standards, and preparation costs [18]. As highlighted in the literature [19,20], TCS is also well-suited to storing solar power for buildings as their thermochemical materials provide much lower heat loss, enabling long-term seasonal storage and lower charging temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ [15][16][17][18][19] Many review studies are already available in the literature [18][19][20], but few of them are focused on the market and costs of the current TES application [2,31]. In this framework, this study presents a first-of-its-kind specific review of the current projected performance and costs of thermal energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current, Projected Performance and Costs of Thermal Energy Storage

2023

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The technology for storing thermal energy as sensible heat, latent heat, or thermochemical energy has greatly evolved in recent years, and it is expected to grow up to about 10.1 billion US dollars by 2027. A thermal energy storage (TES) system can significantly improve industrial energy efficiency and eliminate the need for additional energy supply in commercial and residential applications. This study is a first-of-its-kind specific review of the current projected performance and costs of thermal energy storage. This paper presents an overview of the main typologies of sensible heat (SH-TES), latent heat (LH-TES), and thermochemical energy (TCS) as well as their application in European countries. With regard to future challenges, the installation of TES systems in buildings is being implemented at a rate of 5%; cogeneration application with TES is attested to 10.2%; TES installation in the industry sector accounts for 5% of the final energy consumption. From the market perspective, the share of TES is expected to be dominated by SH-TES technologies due to their residential and industrial applications. With regard to the cost, the SH-TES system is typically more affordable than the LH-TES system or the TCS system because it consists of a simple tank containing the medium and the charging/discharging equipment.

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“…Developing high energy density materials is essential for the systems to be compact and thus suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in the residential or in the transport sector. The most promising materials in this regard are salt hydrates [5][6], but their performance under actual operating conditions is unsatisfactory, mainly because of agglomeration, melting or deliquescence leading to poor heat and mass transfer [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of silica-PEG-CaCl2 composite sorbents in an open thermochemical heat storage reactor

Bérut,

Bois,

Touloumet

et al. 2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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Review of salt hydrates-based thermochemical adsorption thermal storage technologies

Cited by 32 publications

References 217 publications

A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage

A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage

Current, Projected Performance and Costs of Thermal Energy Storage

Characterization of silica-PEG-CaCl2 composite sorbents in an open thermochemical heat storage reactor

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