Review of the literature on constipation to enable development of a constipation risk assessment scale

Richmond, Janice; Wright, Marion E.

doi:10.1016/j.cein.2004.05.001

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…28,29 In previous studies, advanced age and female gender have been identified as risk factors for developing constipation. 3,8,17,30,31 In this study, we found that the older the patients were, the more likely they were to have hard and dry stools at discharge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In the present study, 69.1% of the patients reported being constipated during the time from operation to discharge, and approximately 63% 30 days after surgery. The normal procedures in the postoperative phase include using morphine, change in normal medication and diet, immobilization and lack of privacy during defecation . All these factors increase the risk of developing constipation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic literature review reports the following risk factors in developing constipation postoperatively: sex (women develops constipation 2–3 times more often), low mobility, low intake of fibres, fluid intake less than 1.5 L/day, hospital stay, pathophysiological conditions, and medication like anticholinergics, opioids and chemotherapeutics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 A systematic literature review reports the following risk factors in developing constipation postoperatively: sex (women develops constipation 2-3 times more often), low mobility, low intake of fibres, fluid intake less than 1.5 L/day, hospital stay, pathophysiological conditions, and medication like anticholinergics, opioids and chemotherapeutics. 17 Patients with a hip fracture have many of these risk factors. In the first days after hip fracture, patients need analgesics and changes in their normal medication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture

Trads

Pedersen²

2014

Int J of Nursing Practice

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Constipation is often an overlooked aspect of patient care and increases the risk of postoperative complications, can prolong hospital stay, increase financial cost and add to staff nursing care time. A prospective descriptive design was used. One hundred six patients with hip fracture participated. On admission, day of discharge and 30 days after surgery, patients' normal and actual defecation pattern, stool consistency and if they had experienced problems with defecation were assessed using Bristol Stool Scale and a scale composed by Rasmussen. There were 69.1% of the patients who developed constipation during the first postoperative days and 62.3% reported the same problems 30 days after surgery. Normal defecation pattern was re-established 9.5 days after surgery, though 22.7% of the patients did not re-establish normal defecation pattern within the first 30 days after surgery. The results imply that further studies are needed to prevent constipation and help patients to cope with this side-effect of surgery after discharge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture

Trads

Pedersen²

2014

Int J of Nursing Practice

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“…It has probably proved difficult to reach firm conclusions because the results are dependent on the definitions of constipation used. A recent review concluded that there are no proven medical links concerning diet and constipation in children (Corkins, 2005); however, fibre and water are traditionally believed to affect bowel habits in both adults and children (Richmond & Wright, 2004). There are conflicting reports regarding the role that dietary fibre plays in children’s bowel function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bowel habit, diet and body weight in preadolescent children

Jennings

Davies

Costarelli

et al. 2010

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Risk and main contributing factors for constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China

Lü

Yang

et al. 2022

Support Care Cancer

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Background and objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the risk of constipation and to identify the signi cant risk factors for constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using the Chinese version of the Constipation Risk Assessment Scale (CRAS-C), as well as to explore the complementary constipation risk factors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, to improve the speci city of the CRAS-C in this population, and nally to provide a theoretical basis for constipation prevention.Research design and methods: A cross-sectional study involving multiple centers was conducted. A total of 190 patients with gastrointestinal cancer completed surveys that included demographic information, defecation habits, and the CRAS-C. The mean, SD, median, maximum, minimum, frequency, and percentage were used as indicators for the constipation risk and signi cant risk factors. The t-test and Chi-square tests were used to analyze constipation indicators in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Results: 190 patients were 58.92±12.07 years of age.The total CRAS-C mean (SD) score was 13.22 (4.69).51 patients (26.8%) scored lower than 11, who were at the low risk level of constipation. 139 patients (73.2%) scored 11 or above, who were at the high risk level of constipation. The top 10 factors were insu cient liquid intake(81.1%), failure to consume bran products daily(78.9%), insu cient ber intake(77.9%), antiemetics (74.7%), cytotoxic chemotherapy (52.6%), colorectal/abdominal diseases (42.6%), opioid analgesics (35.3%), opioid analgesics(26.8%), calcium channel blockers (16.3%), endocrine disorders (14.2%). Chi square test showed that constipating for most of the past 3 months, ascites and ECOG score were complementary constipation risk factors in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Conclusion:The ndings indicate that most gastrointestinal cancer patients were at a high risk of constipation. There are also several complementary constipation risk factors and CRAS-C can be further revised in future studies to make it more speci c in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Integrating CRAS into the pathway of constipation management, carrying out constipation risk screening for hospitalized cancer patients, building systematic constipation prevention plan based on risk assessment are important to reduce the incidence of constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and improve the quality of life.What Is Already Known About The Topic?The incidence of constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is the highest and most serious among all cancer patients.The Chinese version Constipation Risk Assessment Scale (CRAS-C) demonstrated favourable content validity, predictive validity and interrater reliability in cancer patients in the previous study and could be used in the identi cation of cancer patients at risk of constipation. But it hasn't been used in gastrointestinal cancer patients. What This Paper AddsThe risk of constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is generally high, which needs to be...

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Review of the literature on constipation to enable development of a constipation risk assessment scale

Cited by 33 publications

References 127 publications

Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture

Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture

Bowel habit, diet and body weight in preadolescent children

Risk and main contributing factors for constipation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China

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