Review of the major risk factors.

Joksch, H C

doi:10.15288/jsas.1985.s10.47

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For example, speeding in daylight on a dry road, with low traffic density, provides a relatively low probability of becoming involved in an accident. However, the risk of an accident on the same road will likely increase at night in wet conditions, with increased traffic density (Joksch, 1985). In this study, manipulation of the penalty severity for hitting cones altered the relative risk of the lane-choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of alcohol on risk‐taking during simulated driving

Burian

Liguori

Robinson

2002

Human Psychopharmacology

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The effect of alcohol on judgement or conscious risk-taking may increase the likelihood of an automobile accident. This study examined the direct effects of penalty severity and alcohol on risk-taking in a novel simulated-driving lane-choice task. Thirteen male social drinkers received alcohol (0.3 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg) or placebo during each of four test sessions in a randomized, within subject design. In repeated trials, subjects selected, then drove through a cone-defined lane. Contingent upon performance, points were added (+ 5 for the narrower lane, + 3 for the wider lane) and taken away (- 1, - 3, or - 5 points per hit cone) after each trial. Risk-taking was defined as a selection of the narrower-width lane. The frequency of risk-taking decreased as the penalty increased. The 0.5 g/kg dose, compared to other alcohol doses or placebo, significantly increased risk-taking in the high-risk (5-point penalty) condition. This finding suggests that breath alcohol concentrations within current legal standards can alter a driver's decision-making such that the willingness to enter a high-risk situation is increased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of alcohol on risk‐taking during simulated driving

Burian

Liguori

Robinson

2002

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…This finding is in consonance with the theoretical proposition that increased traffic intensity (derived from more travel in constant road lengths) leads to more but less lethal crashes. ( 19 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that urban driving is less likely to result in fatal crashes. ( 19 ) To our credit, the fact that we analyzed individual data over several years and that this is included in the analytical model implies that to some extent we are controlling for the possible confounding role of “experience” and “driving intensity,” ( 46 ) that is, our findings are true regardless of whether the subject drove little and was more inexperienced in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 16 ) A number of transverse descriptive studies and case‐control studies have relied on creative approaches such as the so‐called induced exposure method to control for the confounding effect of exposure. ( 17,18 ) Most of these empirical analyses and a few theoretical reviews ( 19 ) point to a positive relationship with increased travel relating to higher accident and injury rate. However, a few such studies identify decreased fatality rates with increased exposure to traffic, an issue that they always link to traffic density and the slowdown of travel speeds, which may not affect crash rates but affects the severity of those crashes and their fatal consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Traffic and Risk of Hospitalization Due to Injuries

et al. 2010

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Research on the risk of motor vehicle injuries and their relationship with the amount of travel has been only partially analyzed. The few individual exposure assessments are related to very specific subsets of the driving and traveling populations. This study analyzes the relationship between kilometers traveled and hospitalization due to motor vehicle injuries. Twelve thousand three hundred and sixty nine Spanish university graduates from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra multipurpose cohort study were evaluated. They had not been hospitalized due to motor vehicle injuries at baseline and were followed up to eight years. Biannual questionnaires allowed for self-reporting of kilometers traveled in motor vehicles, together with incidence of hospitalization. Covariates in the Cox regression models included age and gender and baseline use of safety belt while driving, driving a vehicle with driver-side airbag, driving a motorcycle, and drinking and driving. There were 49,766 participant-years with an average yearly travel of 7,828 km per person-year. Thirty-six subjects reported a first hospitalization event during this time. The adjusted hazard ratio per additional kilometer traveled was 1.00005 (95% confidence interval 1.000013 to 1.000086). Even the smallest of reductions in the amount of kilometers traveled (from an average of 3,250 km per year to 1,000) has a statistically significant protective effect on the likelihood of sustaining hospitalization due to motor vehicle injury (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). In light of current policies aimed to reduce motorized traffic due to environmental concerns, it may be appropriate to consider the additional health benefit related to reductions in injuries.

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“…La manera más adecuada de evaluar la importancia de los factores del medioambiente es mediante la estimación del riesgo de lesión por accidente de tráfico en relación con la distancia recorrida cada año por los vehículos de motor. El número de kilómetros recorridos es la mejor medida de exposición, ya que tiene un gran efecto sobre el riesgo de accidentes 21 . Lamentablemente, en España no se dispone de estas estimaciones de exposición al riesgo.…”

Section: Factores Del Medio Ambiente Relacionados Con La Tendencia En...unclassified

Fracaso en el control del número de víctimas por accidentes de tráfico en españa: ¿La repuesta correcta a la pregunta equivocada?

Regidor

Reoyo

Calle³

et al. 2002

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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En España se han puesto en marcha diferentes medidas de intervención con el objeto de modificar la práctica de los conductores de vehículos de motor, sin embargo no se ha observado una tendencia descendente ni en la tasa de accidentes de tráfico ni en el número de víctimas relacionadas con los mismos. Este articulo se plantea el interrogante de si las medidas tomadas para reducir el número de víctimas por accidente de tráfico se han dirigido realmente hacia las causas responsables de esa tendencia. Utilizando diversas fuentes de datos se observa que en España al comienzo de los años noventa se produjo una importante reducción de la tasa de accidentes de tráfico y sus consecuencias, pero en la segunda mitad de la misma década el incremento en la tasa de lesiones por accidentes de tráfico fue similar al producido en los años ochenta. Igualmente se observa que desde 1980 el consumo per capita de alcohol ha mostrado una tendencia descendente y que el número de lesiones por accidente de tráfico durante los últimos vente años ha estado fuertemente asociado al ciclo económico. Se concluye señalando que las medidas para el control de este problema en España se han centrado principalmente en la modificación de la conducta que incrementa el riesgo y severidad de las lesiones por accidente de tráfico, pero se han ignorado los determinantes macroeconómicos que explican la tendencia de la frecuencia de este problema de salud.Palabras clave: Lesiones por accidente de tráfico. Medidas de intervención. Consumo per capita de alcohol. Producto interior bruto.

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Review of the major risk factors.

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of alcohol on risk‐taking during simulated driving

Effects of alcohol on risk‐taking during simulated driving

Exposure to Traffic and Risk of Hospitalization Due to Injuries

Fracaso en el control del número de víctimas por accidentes de tráfico en españa: ¿La repuesta correcta a la pregunta equivocada?

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