Review of the state of the art in cardiovascular endoscopy imaging of atherosclerosis using photoacoustic techniques with pulsed and continuous-wave optical excitations

Abstract

Review of the state of the art in cardiovascular endoscopy imaging of atherosclerosis using photoacoustic techniques with pulsed and continuous-wave optical excitations," J.Abstract. Intravascular photoacoustics (IV-PA) is an emerging atherosclerosis imaging modality that provides chemical-specific optical information of arterial walls with acoustic depth penetration and resolution. As lipid composition of atherosclerotic plaques is considered to be one of the primary indicators for plaque vulnerability, many IV-PA applications are calibrated so as to target plaque necrotic cores. Based on the mode of optical excitation and the corresponding signal processing technique, IV-PA is categorized into two different modalities. The pulse-based IV-PA has been the universal IV-PA imaging mode with its high peak power and straightforward time-domain signal processing technique. As an alternative, the low power continuous-wave (CW)-based IV-PA has been under intense development as a radar-like frequency-domain signal processing modality. The two state-of-the-art types of IV-PA are reviewed in terms of their physics and imaging capabilities, with major emphasis on frequency-swept CW-based IV-PA that has been recently introduced in the field. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Functional multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging of hepatic steatosis development in mice

“…Cross-sectional steatosis grade classification (n = 43) fat, which diminishes the light energy reaching the liver. Intravascular imaging of lipids, which has been demonstrated in many studies for plaque detection (Wu et al, 2017) (Choi & Mandelis, 2019), might allow access to the periportal area of the liver through catheter-based OA imaging. This would overcome the limitation of imaging depth and potentially lead to a more sensitive method for steatosis detection.…”

Perspective on fast-evolving photoacoustic tomography

“…Limited by space, we will focus on several important developments that have overcome the longstanding limits in traditional PAT. Interested readers are referred to comprehensive review articles that provide in-depth analyses and discussions on low-cost light sources, 22 , 26 – 28 novel ultrasound sensors, 21 , 29 , 30 PA contrast agents, 29 , 31 , 32 PA endoscopy, 33 , 34 deep learning enhanced PAT, 35 – 37 as well as clinical translation of PAT. 22 , 38 – 41 …”

The Future of Endoscopic Navigation: A Review of Advanced Endoscopic Vision Technology

“…The method is combined with fluorescence emissions to classify atherosclerotic plaques in different stages of development. Intravascular photoacoustics is considered a promising imaging modality for atherosclerosis, as it could provide chemical-specific optical information on the arterial wall [165]. The cardio-endoscopic technique is a useful adjunct in the resection of left ventricular tumours and thrombi [166].…”