Review on carbonaceous materials as persulfate activators: structure–performance relationship, mechanism and future perspectives on water treatment

Abstract

Recently carbonaceous materials have attracted increasing attentions in advanced oxidation process (AOPs) due to their capability, adaptability and efficiency in the degradation of organic wastewater contaminants with little or no...

Insights into the relationship of reactive oxygen species and anions in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for saline organic wastewater treatment

“…Carbon materials as catalysts or adsorbents have been widely used in environmental remediation. 21,159 1 O 2 -Dominated oxidation processes were also reported in carbon/PS catalytic systems. 108,160–169 Yu and co-authors reported the 1 O 2 -dominated degradation process in the sludge-derived carbon/PMS catalytic system that showed excellent performance for BPA degradation.…”

“…13,21 In the activation processes of persulfates, nonradical ROS such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), high-valent metals or electrons can be produced to oxidize the organic pollutants under different conditions. 21,22 Compared to ˙OH/SO 4 ˙ − , nonradical ROS showed not only great selectivity, longer lifetime, and good activity in a wide pH range, but also had resistance to impurities such as halide ions or some other anions in water. 16,23–25 PS-AOPs have become hot topics in the SOW treatment due to the various ROS with great selectivity to organic pollutants.…”

“…Based on the catalytic process, some great reports have investigated or reviewed efficient catalysts such as metal-based and carbon-based materials and their catalytic mechanism, which mainly focus on designing and preparing efficient catalysts and verifying active sites or ROS produced in the degradation processes. 13,15,21,22,27–33 These achievements have brought new opportunities for the water treatment application of PS-AOPs. Due to the complex feature of the SOW, the presence of different kinds of anions may play an important role in the treatment of SOW because of the reactions of anions and ROS, which belong to the second process.…”

Carbocatalytic ozonation toward advanced water purification

“…The innovative carbocatalysis in AOPs signicantly expedites the development of new carbocatalysts and excavation of the underlying mechanisms. Till now, several reviews have been reported to summarize the development of carbocatalysis in wastewater decontamination, 9,[12][13][14] while few focused on the application of carbonaceous materials in catalytic ozonation. Recently, two reviews dedicated to the mechanistic investigations on nanocarbon-based catalytic ozonation.…”

Role of Borate Buffer in Organic Degradation by Peroxymonosulfate in the Presence of Metal Oxides

“…Among the sulfate radical-based AOPs, PMS oxidants have been actively utilized for in situ subsurface remediation owing to their high solubility and reactivity, decent stability, and sustainability [9][10][11][12][13]. PMS can be activated by external energy (e.g., heat, UV radiation, and ultrasound) [9], chemicals [14][15][16], transition metals [17], and carbonbased catalysts [18,19] to produce free sulfate and/or hydroxyl radicals; these radicals are highly reactive toward most organic compounds such as acids, alcohols, aldehyde, aromatics, amines, ethers, and ketones [20][21][22]. Recent studies have proposed that PMS can independently generate the reactive species such as SO 4…”