Review on Challenges and Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Performance of High Capacity Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

CO 2 emissions. Hence, transportation dependent on electrical propulsion (electric vehicles) instead of internal combustion engines can greatly reduce the pollution caused by our transportation infrastructure. While rechargeable Li-ion batteries are the major power source for portable electronic devices such as smartphones and laptop computers, further improvements in their energy density is required in order to promote electrochemical propulsion devices that can compete with internal combustion engines. [1] The energy density of Li-ion batteries depends on the specific capacities and redox potentials of their electrode materials. Layered lithiated transition metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 , and LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ("NMC 111") were extensively studied as cathodes, which can exhibit specific capacities ≤160 mA h g −1 with an upper potential limit of 4.3 V versus Li. [2] The high cost, low thermal stability, and fast capacity fading at high current rates or during deep cycling of currently used LiCoO 2 necessitated the development of other layered cathodes, such as LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 , NMC 111, etc. The electrochemical performance of these layered metal oxides was recently reviewed by Yushin and coworkers. [3] Higher capacities can be extracted from layered metal oxide cathodes by cycling to upper potentials of about 4.5 V, however, driving these layered cathode materials to such high potentials enhances the structural instability and impedance growth. [4,5] Another important direction is the development of Ni-rich NCM cathode materials. As the content of Ni is higher, the specific capacity that can be extracted is higher as

Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

“…Recent reviews on LBs have provided a good overview of the developments of high energy density LBs based on diverse battery chemistries . It is believed that the energy density of current LBs can be improved up to 300–350 Wh kg −1 in a short time by using high‐nickel (Ni) content cathodes, silicon (Si) dominant anodes, and higher voltage electrolytes, but further progress is needed to achieve an acceptable lifetime for practical application .…”

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

“…A comprehensive summary of the properties and developments in the field of Ni-rich NCM [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and Li-rich HE-NCM [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] has been presented recently In order to satisfy the energy demands of the electromobility market, both Ni-rich and Li-rich layered oxides of NCM type are receiving much attention as high-energy-density cathode materials for application in Li-ion batteries. Current state-of-theart LIBs using, e.g., well-established LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM111) cathode material are yet not able to fulfill all these demands.…”

Local Electric‐Field‐Driven Fast Li Diffusion Kinetics at the Piezoelectric LiTaO3 Modified Li‐Rich Cathode–Electrolyte Interphase

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HEVs (PHEVs), besides the traditional applications in portable devices. [5][6][7][8][9] Despite the above advantages, several concerns including structural instability and the resulted voltage degradation, as well as the poor diffusion kinetics at the interface have become the bottlenecks of Li-rich materials. [1][2][3] Lithium-rich (Li-rich) materials, with the specific capacity over 260 mAh g −1 and energy density up to ≈1000 Wh kg −1 , [4] have attracted great interest in the past decades.

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