Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors

Kanoun, Olfa; Bouhamed, Ayda; Ramalingame, Rajarajan; Bautista-Quijano, José Roberto; Rajendran, Dhivakar; Al‐Hamry, Ammar

doi:10.3390/s21020341

Cited by 176 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The dispersed CNTs are then mixed with a polymer, followed by a controlled evaporation process. Finally, the dispersed CNTs and polymer matrix are mixed and form a composite film [89].…”

Section: Solution Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview

et al. 2021

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A novel class of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanomaterials has been surging since 1991 due to their noticeable mechanical and electrical properties, as well as their good electron transport properties. This is evidence that the development of CNT-reinforced polymer composites could contribute in expanding many areas of use, from energy-related devices to structural components. As a promising material with a wide range of applications, their poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilizations of CNTs. The current state of research in CNTs—both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced polymer composites—was reviewed in the context of the presently employed covalent and non-covalent functionalization. As such, this overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil the successful development associated with CNT-incorporated polymer composites. The mechanisms related to the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of CNT-reinforced polymer composites is also discussed. It is vital to understand how the addition of CNTs in a polymer composite alters the microstructure at the micro- and nano-scale, as well as how these modifications influence overall structural behavior, not only in its as fabricated form but also its functionalization techniques. The technological superiority gained with CNT addition to polymer composites may be advantageous, but scientific values are here to be critically explored for reliable, sustainable, and structural reliability in different industrial needs.

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“…The dispersed CNTs are then mixed with a polymer, followed by a controlled evaporation process. Finally, the dispersed CNTs and polymer matrix are mixed and form a composite film [89].…”

Section: Solution Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, during synthesis, an insulating polymer layer is formed on the CNT surfaces, thus hindering the tunnelling mechanism within the composite [115]. As such, the strain sensitivity could also be negatively affected by the formation of a tunnelling barrier during in-situ polymerization [89].…”

Section: In-situ Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview

et al. 2021

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“…Dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in PDMS is essential to utilize the full potential of the MWCNT in the polymer [ 48 ]. Effective dispersion of MWCNT in PDMS is still a challenging aspect due to the van-der-Waals attraction force between the MWCNT, which tend to bundle and/or reaggregate the MWCNT [ 48 ]. In this work, sonication, melt mixing, and solution processing are adapted to use nanocomposites efficiently.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be achieved by a solution processing approach, where an organic solvent is used to disperse in MWCNT later in PDMS. Tetrahydrofuran is selected as the common organic solvent, where it can efficiently disperse the MWCNT in PDMS [49,50]. MWCNT with outer diameter 6-9 nm, an average length of 1 µm and carbon purity of >95% purchased from Sigma-Aldrich is used as conductive nanofillers, PDMS (Sylgard 184 Kit) were purchased from Dow Corning.…”

Section: Preparation Of Mwcnt/pdms Nanocomposite Pressure Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Ultra-Thin Nanocomposite Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Foot Pressure Distribution Measurement

Rajendran

Ramalingame

Palaniyappan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Foot pressure measurement plays an essential role in healthcare applications, clinical rehabilitation, sports training and pedestrian navigation. Among various foot pressure measurement techniques, in-shoe sensors are flexible and can measure the pressure distribution accurately. In this paper, we describe the design and characterization of flexible and low-cost multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based pressure sensors for foot pressure monitoring. The sensors have excellent electrical and mechanical properties an show a stable response at constant pressure loadings for over 5000 cycles. They have a high sensitivity of 4.4 kΩ/kPa and the hysteresis effect corresponds to an energy loss of less than 1.7%. The measurement deviation is of maximally 0.13% relative to the maximal relative resistance. The sensors have a measurement range of up to 330 kPa. The experimental investigations show that the sensors have repeatable responses at different pressure loading rates (5 N/s to 50 N/s). In this paper, we focus on the demonstration of the functionality of an in-sole based on MWCNT/PDMS nanocomposite pressure sensors, weighing approx. 9.46 g, by investigating the foot pressure distribution while walking and standing. The foot pressure distribution was investigated by measuring the resistance changes of the pressure sensors for a person while walking and standing. The results show that pressure distribution is higher in the forefoot and the heel while standing in a normal position. The foot pressure distribution is transferred from the heel to the entire foot and further transferred to the forefoot during the first instance of the gait cycle.

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“…When containing conductive components (carbon nanotube, CNT), CNT/TPU is definitely a highlight material to fabricate the stretch sensors [17][18][19][20]. Following this approach, there are many great studies in the stretch sensing field, which are enhanced with advanced materials based on FDM printing [21][22][23][24][25]. For example, Josef et al [26] developed 3D printed highly elastic strain sensors of multiwalled carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane (MWCNT/TPU) nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 3D Printing-Line Directions for Stretchable Sensor Performances

Nguyen

Kim

et al. 2021

Materials

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Health monitoring sensors that are attached to clothing are a new trend of the times, especially stretchable sensors for human motion measurements or biological markers. However, price, durability, and performance always are major problems to be addressed and three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with conductive flexible materials (thermoplastic polyurethane) can be an optimal solution. Herein, we evaluate the effects of 3D printing-line directions (45°, 90°, 180°) on the sensor performances. Using fused filament fabrication (FDM) technology, the sensors are created with different print styles for specific purposes. We also discuss some main issues of the stretch sensors from Carbon Nanotube/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (CNT/TPU) and FDM. Our sensor achieves outstanding stability (10,000 cycles) and reliability, which are verified through repeated measurements. Its capability is demonstrated in a real application when detecting finger motion by a sensor-integrated into gloves. This paper is expected to bring contribution to the development of flexible conductive materials—based on 3D printing.

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Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors

Cited by 176 publications

References 117 publications

Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview

Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview

Flexible Ultra-Thin Nanocomposite Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Foot Pressure Distribution Measurement

Effects of 3D Printing-Line Directions for Stretchable Sensor Performances

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