Review on Hybrid Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites with Nanocellulose, Nanomaterials, and Other Fibers

Abstract

The use of composite materials has seen many new innovations for a large variety of applications. The area of reinforcement in composites is also rapidly evolving with many new discoveries, including the use of hybrid fibers, sustainable materials, and nanocellulose. In this review, studies on hybrid fiber reinforcement, the use of nanocellulose, the use of nanocellulose in hybrid forms, the use of nanocellulose with other nanomaterials, the applications of these materials, and finally, the challenges and opportunities (including safety issues) of their use are thoroughly discussed. This review will point out new prospects for the composite materials world, enabling the use of nano- and micron-sized materials together and creating value-added products at the industrial scale. Furthermore, the use of hybrid structures consisting of two different nano-materials creates many novel solutions for applications in electronics and sensors.

Natural Fibers Composites: Origin, Importance, Consumption Pattern, and Challenges

“…The interested reader seeking a detailed review of cellulosic nanomaterials properties and applications has to resort to References [174][175][176][177][178][179].…”

High‐velocity impact behavior and quasi‐static indentation of new elastomeric nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers and lignin powder

“…In addition, some new studies deal with the use of nanocellulose in epoxy composites for impact resistance and mechanical properties. 42,43 Therefore, studies on the effect of CNFs in natural rubber in terms of high-velocity impact and indentation resistance have not been reported. Based on this, in the current research, the properties of curing elastomeric nanocomposites with different amounts of CNFs, hardness value (shore A), quasi-static permeability resistance, and finally, the resistance of the proposed composites under high-velocity impact are investigated.…”

“…Therefore, studies on the performance of nanocellulose in polymer composites for high‐velocity impact applications and indentation resistance are of great importance. In addition, some new studies deal with the use of nanocellulose in epoxy composites for impact resistance and mechanical properties 42,43 . Therefore, studies on the effect of CNFs in natural rubber in terms of high‐velocity impact and indentation resistance have not been reported.…”

Spray Drying Enzyme-Treated Cellulose Nanofibrils

“…Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) manufactured through mechanical treatment via grinding, refining, and/or homogenization are the most cost-effective production methods and have a very high production rate compared to other methods [6]. Therefore, CNFs are widely used as reinforcing fillers in thermoplastic matrix composites to increase the mechanical properties [7]. However, CNFs have a relatively bigger width and longer fibrils which result in a broad fiber size distribution compared with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).…”