Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process

Yang, Fuyuan; Wang, Tianze; Deng, Xintao; Dang, Jian; Huang, Zhaoyuan; Hu, Song; Li, Yangyang; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.005

Cited by 254 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The aforementioned two modes are expressed quantitatively using the dimensionless ratios N morton = L j / Z r , where N morton is the Morton number, L j is the plume formation distance, and Z r is the distance from the release point to the ceiling. As displayed in Figure , the airflow is the first case when N morton < 1 and the second case when N morton ≫1 . Shu et al proposed a dimensionless representation that indicates that the distribution of hydrogen in a confined space depends on not only the volume but also the flow rate of the escaped gas.…”

Section: Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics Of Hphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics Of Hphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minireview on the Leakage Ignition and Flame Propagation Characteristics of Hydrogen: Advances and Perspectives

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient type of green energy whose use has been widely promoted. However, because of its physical and chemical characteristics, hydrogen tends to cause fires and explosions under certain conditions, which restricts its widespread application. After briefly describing the danger of high-pressure hydrogen (HPH), this paper summarizes the ignition and flame propagation characteristics of HPH leakage diffusion and describes the influences of various factors, such as leakage location, initial leakage velocity, initial pressure, presence of vents, ignition location, pipe size, and presence of obstacles, on these characteristics. HPH is likely to ignite spontaneously at the moment of leakage, and this ignition involves complex dynamics. Finally, the gap in the current research on HPH is described, and suggestions are provided for future research to promote the safe and efficient use of hydrogen energy.

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Section: Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics Of Hphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics Of Hphmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minireview on the Leakage Ignition and Flame Propagation Characteristics of Hydrogen: Advances and Perspectives

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Great effort has been devoted to investigating the properties of hydrogen flames and detonations (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]). However, there is still severe safety concern for hydrogen storage and utilization since hydrogen is easily to be ignited [9][10][11]. It is well known that accidental explosion can cause extremely severe damage if detonation occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dilution and Pressure on Detonation Propagation Across an Inert Layer

Wang

Deiterding

et al. 2023

AIAA Journal

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In explosion accidents, inert layer(s) can be used to dampen or suppress detonation propagation. In detonation engines, the detonation may propagate in an inhomogeneous mixture with inert layer(s). Here, the detonation propagation in hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with a single inert layer normal to the detonation propagation direction was investigated. Six hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with different amounts of nitrogen dilution and at different initial pressures were considered. The emphasis was placed on assessing the effects of nitrogen dilution and pressure on detonation across an inert layer. It was found that successful detonation reinitiation occurs only when the inert layer thickness is below some critical value. The detonation reinitiation process was analyzed. The interactions of transverse waves, the reactive–inert layer interface, and instabilities jointly induced local autoignition/explosions and detonation reinitiation. Counterintuitively, it was found that a thicker inert layer is required to quench a weaker detonation (with more nitrogen dilution or with lower-energy density at lower pressure). With the increase of nitrogen dilution or the decrease of initial pressure, the induction length and cell size of the detonation became larger, which unexpectedly resulted in the larger critical inert layer thickness.

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“…At present, the hydrogen safety research is still facing challenges, whose research status is mainly divided into three aspects, such as hydrogen leakage and diffusion [2] , hydrogen combustion and explosion [3] , and the compatibility between hydrogen and metal materials [4] . There is still a need to make appropriate risk assessments for hydrogen safety, hydrogen safety research is still immature, and hydrogen safety issues still face challenges [5] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Safety for Hydrogen Energy Applications and Large-scale Commercialization

Hong

2022

new n.a. exploit. and appl.

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Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process

Cited by 254 publications

References 97 publications

Minireview on the Leakage Ignition and Flame Propagation Characteristics of Hydrogen: Advances and Perspectives

Minireview on the Leakage Ignition and Flame Propagation Characteristics of Hydrogen: Advances and Perspectives

Effects of Dilution and Pressure on Detonation Propagation Across an Inert Layer

Hydrogen Safety for Hydrogen Energy Applications and Large-scale Commercialization

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