Review on “Long-Dan”, one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia

Wang, Yanming; Xu, Min; Wang, Dong; Zhu, Hongtao; Yang, Chunfu; Zhang, Yingjun

doi:10.1007/s13659-011-0043-3

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Investigation of its phytochemistry demonstrated that several metabolites, including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenoids, could be isolated from G . rigescens (Wang et al ., ). Additionally, eleven 2,3‐dihydroxyl benzoates (gentisides A–K) only detected in this species were potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (Gao et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicine Gentiana rigescens Franch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis

Pan

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2015

Biomedical Chromatography

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Gentiana rigescens, an ethnomedicine, is widely cultivated in Yunnan province of China. Although a wide range of metabolites including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenoids have been reported in this ethnomedicine, the data on accumulation and distribution of metabolites in certain parts are limited. In this study, targeted metabolic fingerprinting of iridoid glycosides based on liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS/MS) was developed to investigate the metabolic similarities and differences in different parts and origins. Thirty-one compounds, including iridoid glycosides and flavonoids, were detected from targeted metabolite profiling and plausibly assigned to the different parts of G. rigescens. Multivariate statistical analysis was designed to reveal close chemical similarities between all the selected samples and to identify key metabolites characteristic of the standard. The results suggested that accumulation and distribution of metabolites in aerial and underground parts were different. Moreover, root samples tended to be grouped on the basis of the geographical closeness of region. Five metabolites can be considered as potential markers for the classification of underground parts from different regions. These results provided chemical information on the potential pharmaceutical value for further research, making G. rigescens ideal for the rational usage of different parts and exploitation of the source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicine Gentiana rigescens Franch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis

Pan

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2015

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…In China, “Long-Dan” is typically used for protecting liver [1], and is commonly used for curing inflammation, hepatitis, rheumatism, cholecystitis and tuberculosis as a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb [2]. While, “Qin-Jiao”, another important TCM herb for fighting rheumatism since ancient times in China, has been used as therapy for rheumatism, arthralgia, stroke, hemiplegia, pains, jaundice and infantile malnutrition [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on “Long-Dan”, “Qin-Jiao” and Their Adulterants by HPLC Analysis

Liu

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2014

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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“Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao” are two important TCM herbs since ancient times in China. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the dried roots and rhizomes of four species from the genus Gentiana, e.g. Gentiana manshurica, G. scabra, G. triflora and G. rigescens, are recorded under the name of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (“Long-Dan” in Chinese), while the other four species from the same genus including G. macrophylla, G. crassicaulis, G. straminea and G. duhurica are recorded and used as the raw materials of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (“Qin-Jiao” in Chinese). On the basis of the establishment of a validated HPLC–UV method for quantifying simultaneously, five iridoid glycosides, e.g. loganic acid (1), swertiamarinin (2), gentiopicroside (3), sweroside (4) and 2′-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5) have been used successfully as chemical markers for the comparison of the species used as “Long-Dan”, “Qin-Jiao” and their adulterants in the present study. The results suggested that four iridoid glycosides 1–4 commonly existed in both “Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao”, while 2′-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside (5) also existed as one of the major components in “Dian-Long-Dan” species. Moreover, the contents of compounds 1–5 were various in different “Long-Dan” and “Qin-Jiao” species. Herein, we profiled and compared three “Long-Dan” species, four “Qin-Jiao” species and five adulterants by applying multivariate statistical techniques to their HPLC data sets to establish the differences and/or similarities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Many Gentiana species have been employed as folk medicines to treat disease and maintain health since the ancient times in the word (Aberham et al, 2007;Cao and Wang, 2010;State Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Yang, 1991;Yang et al, 2010). Among them, roots and rhizomes of G. scabra Bunge and G. rigescens Franch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…f. are the traditional Tibetan medicine to treat pneumonia and fever. Because of the remarkable medicinal functions, plants of the genus Gentiana have been a hot topic in phytochemistry and pharmacology since the 1960s and exhibited chemical diversity (Wang et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2010). Additionally, more research demonstrated this genus is a rich source of iridoids and phenols such as gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid, sweroside and mangiferin, which are commonly regarded as major constituents and likely to responsible for the different therapeutic effect of these folk medicines (Chen et al, 2013b Ikeshiro andTomita, 2007;Kakuda et al, 2002;Ma et al, 1994;Xu et al, 2006Xu et al, , 2007Xu et al, , 2008Xu et al, , 2011Yang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of six index constituents and comparative analysis of four ethnomedicines from genus Gentiana using a UPLC‐UV‐MS method

Pan

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2014

Biomedical Chromatography

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Many species from genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae) have a long history of applications as folk medicines in the world. A simple rapid UPLC-UV-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of six index constituents (gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid, sweroside, mangiferin and ferulic acid) from the four ethnomedicines (G. rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl., G. rhodantha Franch. ex Hemsl., G. scabra Bunge and G. farreri Balf. f.). The UPLC analysis was performed on Shim-Pack XR-ODS III (150 × 2.0 mm, 2.2 µm). The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water using gradient elution. The wavelength 242 nm was chose for the four iridoids as well as mangiferin and 320 nm was set for ferulic acid. Mass spectrometry was applied for identification and quantification for analytes with low concentration. All the regression equations revealed a good linear relationship (R(2) > 0.9993). Accuracy and precision were all within the required limits. The chromatogram fingerprints analysis combined with principal component analysis showed the similarity values of the four species were <0.788 while the similarity values of G. scabra Bunge and G. rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. were >0.993, which provided reasonable foundation for utilization and clinical application of the four ethnomedicines. This developed method appears to be a useful tool for quality control of the four ethnomedicines.

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Review on “Long-Dan”, one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicine Gentiana rigescens Franch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis

Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicine Gentiana rigescens Franch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis

Comparative Study on “Long-Dan”, “Qin-Jiao” and Their Adulterants by HPLC Analysis

Simultaneous determination of six index constituents and comparative analysis of four ethnomedicines from genus Gentiana using a UPLC‐UV‐MS method

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