Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges

Abstract

Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.

Development of a Multi-Sensor Array for Non-Radiographic Micromotion Detection of Joint Prostheses

“…Along with for wireless power transmission a radio frequency (RF) based energy harvester will be integrated with the current system. With this further work, this technology has the potential to be used as a complete implantable system that is hermetically sealed into the implant and detectable through wireless transmission using implantable micro antenna [41,42]. In addition to that this technique can be transformed to force detection (tactile sensor) by correlating the change in displacement to force in multiple axes along with aiding the electromyography sensor (EMG) for reducing its false positive response [43][44][45].…”

Development of a flexible antenna-wristband for wearable wrist-worn infocommunication devices of the LTE standard

“…Recently, flexible antennas have been used in wireless sensor networks [2,4,6]. The use of wire less medical networks, such as WBAN (Wireless Body Area Networks), encourages the creation of new flexible antennas for telemedicine [1,4,9]. The purpose of the calculation is to develop a flexible antenna design with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms for the frequency range of 900-1300 MHz with the following electrical pa rameters: peak radiation power 23 dBm, standing wave ratio VSWR ≤ 3.5.…”

“…The rapid development of wireless infocommunica tion technologies stimulates the development, production and use of new types of LTE devices [1,2]. Currently, new generation cellular communication systems NBIoT, LTEm1 [3] are widely used.…”

“…Currently, new generation cellular communication systems NBIoT, LTEm1 [3] are widely used. All of them have a broad band unified radio access system that makes it possible to transmit information in real time [1][2][3].…”

Deep Learning Assisted Automatic Methodology for Implanted MIMO Antenna Designs on Large Ground Plane

“…Future wireless medical technologies are expected to explosively grow for controlling the bodily functions and to gather the data of different physiological parameters [1]. Over the last decade, implanted devices, especially implanted antennas, have got the attention of researchers due the compatible connection between the patient and physical doctors [2,3]. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are commonly used in the wireless communication systems due to the advanced capability in supporting data even under interference situations [4,5].…”