Review on Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids: Preparation, Properties, Investigation, and Applications in IC Engines and Heat Transfer

Abstract

Nano fluids are widely used today for various energy-related applications such as coolants, refrigerants, and fuel additives. New coolants and design modifications are being explored due to renewed interest in improving the working fluid properties of heat exchangers. Several studies have investigated nanofluids to enhance radiator and heat exchanger performance. A new class of coolants includes single, binary, and tertiary nanoparticle-based hybrid nano-coolants using ethylene glycol/deionized water combinations as base fluids infused with different nanoparticles. This review article focuses on the hydrothermal behavior of heat exchangers (radiators for engine applications) with mono/hybrid nanofluids. The first part of the review focuses on the preparation of hybrid nanofluids, highlighting the working fluid properties such as density, viscosity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. The second part discusses innovative methodologies adopted for accomplishing higher heat transfer rates with relatively low-pressure drop and pump work. The third part discusses the applications of mono and hybrid nanofluids in engine radiators and fuel additives in diesel and biodiesel blends. The last part is devoted to a summary of the research and future directions using mono and hybrid nanofluids for various cooling applications.

Synergistic Effect of Carbon Nanotubes, Zinc, and Copper Oxides on Rheological Properties of Fracturing Fluid: A Comparative Study

“…It has been observed that the viscosity of the sample decreases with an increase in temperature, indicating the significant influence of temperature on its rheological properties. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider and control the temperature conditions during the testing and application of the sample to ensure optimal performance and desired outcomes [41]. Rheological experiments were conducted using the Anton Paar MCR 502 rheometer, Montreal, Canada, wherein the apparent viscosity measurements were obtained by varying the shear rate or time at different temperatures according to Equation (5), which shows the relation of the ratio of the shear stress to shear rate to determine the viscosity to evaluate the rheological properties.…”

Mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow over a stationary permeable vertical cone with thermal radiation and convective boundary condition

“…Bhattad et al [5] also proved the thermal capability of hybrid nanofluid in a specific investigation on a plate heat exchanger. A comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental studies conducted on hybrid nanofluid can be found in the review papers written by Vallejo et al [6], Vărdaru et al [7], Bhattad et al [8], Mahdy et al [9], El-Zahar et al [10][11][12], Nabwey et al [13], and in the book by Merkin et al [14].…”

Heat transfer analysis of thermal radiative over a stretching curved surface using molybdenum disulfide and silicon dioxide composite material under the influence of solar radiation

“…Obalalu et al ., (2023a) studied hybrid nanofluids with some practical limitation and discusses an applications of hybrid nanofluids in solar energy systems. By incorporating hybrid nanofluids, these systems can potentially achieve higher temperatures and better heat transfer rates, leading to increased overall efficiency (Huminic and Huminic, 2018; Bhattad et al ., 2023; Aglawe et al ., 2021; Tabrez and Azeem Khan, 2022; Gorla and Chamkha, 2011).…”