“…Those experiments paved the way for the development of non-invasive BCI paradigms that made use of neuroimaging techniques as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) (see Rao, 2013 for a comprehensive review). Indeed, by translating the recorded neural activity into digital commands via mathematical and AI methods (see Wolpaw et al, 2002) (Figure 1), BCI enables controlling external devices with the brain (e.g., Padfield et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2020), such as a computer, a robot, or an exoskeleton (e.g., Nuyujukian et al, 2018;Benabid et al, 2019;Moses et al, 2019). This ability is particularly interesting in specific contexts where voice or motor commands cannot be used (e.g., Lin et al, 2014).…”