Review on perfume and present status of its associated allergens

Abstract

Background Perfume is basically a cosmetic product applied to human body for an amusing scent or the feeling of freshness. A certain amount of perfume penetrates and remains attached to the protein of the skin when perfume is applied on the body. It evokes a surge of events in human immune system which results with allergic symptoms. Fragrance ingredients are leading cause that can be responsible for the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis that is recently studied under cosmetic adverse reaction. Aim The aim of this review article was to define the allergies that are caused by fragrance ingredients. This review highlights the various aspects of perfume with respect to its manufacturing process, compositions, and fragrance ingredients identified as allergens and its present regulatory status. Method There area 175 frangrance ingredients that are used in perfumes cause allergic reaction. Several studies were conducted on the patients. The study was conducted on four fragrance markers in the baseline series: fragrance mix I (FM I), Myroxylon pereirae, fragrance mix II (FM II), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. Result Around 658 patients showed allergy due to fragrance ingredients when the patch test was performed. In other study, out of 1253 patients, 90% of the FM I and M. pereirae detected 90% of the cases. Conclusion Majority of the fragrance ingredients can cause allergic reactions and hence act as allergens and thus increase the risk of sensitization on activation. If any individual suffers from allergy or contact dermatitis on use of any perfume, he/she should be aware of it and should reduce or avoid its use to overcome such problems of hypersensitivity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-Reported Perfume Sensitivity in Saudi Arabia

“…Fragrance sensitivity is a health condition characterized by the experience of adverse health effects from exposure to a fragranced product [1]. Most commonly reported fragrance reactions include skin, respiratory, neurological, and nasal symptoms [2]. Perfumes have been reported as one of the fragranced products that contribute to fragrance sensitivity in several international studies [3,4].…”

“…In Saudi Arabia, 50.6% of the participants of a study reported at least one adverse reaction from cosmetic products, including perfumes [5]. Fragrance substances added to cosmetic products and perfumes contributed to the majority of health adverse reactions caused by fragranced products [1,2].…”

“…They are widely used in perfumes for their pleasant smell. A single perfume formula can contain several fragrance substances [2,6]. Many of the commonly used fragrances in perfuming are well-known contact allergens that have been attributed to different types of adverse reactions [2].…”

“…A single perfume formula can contain several fragrance substances [2,6]. Many of the commonly used fragrances in perfuming are well-known contact allergens that have been attributed to different types of adverse reactions [2]. The EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety listed 54 fragrance substances and 28 natural extracts that have been identified as "established contact allergens in humans" [6].…”

Antibacterial effect of essential oils of two plants Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artemisia herba alba on some bacterial strains

“…Essential oils are valuable molecules, used in pharmacology because they have a specific effect on other organisms (Tohidi et al, 2019). In cosmetology (Chaudhuri et al, 2020), they are used as a base for the manufacture of perfume and dermatological products (Kumar et al, 2020). In the food industry they are used to enhance the taste, flavour and colour of food and its conservation.…”