Review on the Beneficiation of Li, Be, Ta, Nb-Bearing Polymetallic Pegmatite Ores in China

Li, Siyang; Liu, Jie; Han, Yuexin; Zhang, Shumin

doi:10.3390/min13070865

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…As dispersed elements, Li, and Rb are typically found within primary rock-forming minerals of granite, such as mica and feldspar. The particle size, chemical composition, and physical properties of these host minerals directly affect the extraction of key metals like Li and Rb [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, understanding the process mineralogical characteristics is crucial for the recycling and utilization of Li and Rb associated with granite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Ouyang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Highly differentiated granite often contains abundant key metal resources, such as lithium and rubidium. The Tengchong area of Yunnan hosts a large number of highly differentiated granites from the Cretaceous age. Among these, granite samples from the Diantan tin–lead–zinc polymetallic mining area exhibit Li contents exceeding 0.02% and Rb contents surpassing 0.1%. This suggests a promising potential for Li and Rb mineralization. However, the occurrence status and process mineralogical characteristics of Li and Rb remain unclear, directly impacting the assessment of the region’s comprehensive utilization potential for these key metals. This study focuses on representative granite samples from the Diantan mining area to conduct petrographic and process mineralogical research, examining single mineral chemical composition, physical properties, element occurrence state, and mineral embedding particle size. The results indicate that mica minerals primarily contain Li, while both feldspar and mica minerals are the main carriers of Rb. Zinnwaldite not only contains the highest Rb proportion among the samples but also plays a significant role in Li occurrence. Based on the dissociation characteristics, it is recommended to grind the material to a fineness of −0.075 mm, comprising 80% of the particles, before proceeding to the final flotation process. This would result in approximately 95% dissociation of the mica in the sample. Since mica is predominantly distributed between quartz and feldspar particles, with relatively low binding force, it facilitates mineral dissociation during the grinding process. Therefore, the actual beneficiation process may consider a moderately coarser grinding fineness based on the aforementioned findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Ouyang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Mineral classification with X-ray absorption spectroscopy: A deep learning-based approach

Fang,

Song,

Wang

et al. 2024

Minerals Engineering

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Comparative Issues of Metal-Ion Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage: Lithium vs. Sodium

Nekahi,

Dorri,

Rezaei

et al. 2024

Batteries

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In recent years, batteries have revolutionized electrification projects and accelerated the energy transition. Consequently, battery systems were hugely demanded based on large-scale electrification projects, leading to significant interest in low-cost and more abundant chemistries to meet these requirements in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a result, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) share has increased considerably due to lower cost and higher safety compared to conventional nickel and cobalt-based chemistries. However, their fast-growing share is affected by updated chemistries, where cheaper systems like sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are becoming more attractive. SIBs also benefited from the greener, more ethical, and evenly distributed elemental resources. SIBs are fast approaching market thanks to mature LIB’s technology and manufacturing scalability using existing Li-ion gigafactories. Additionally, SIBs can be adapted to other emerging technologies, including Li-ion batteries and silicon-based anodes, influencing projections for their broader use. However, despite the lower cost and abundance of sodium chemistries compared to lithium ones, limited manufacturing capacity discourages material suppliers from increasing production, which restricts the supply chain, raises costs, and diminishes Na battery manufacturing. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the progress of SIBs in gaining market share from LIBs. We first reviewed LIB and SIB histories, developments, and market share. Then, we analyzed the offered chemicals in battery components, their resources and supplies, material demand, and supply chain. The commercialization of each system was investigated in addition to the challenges related to energy density, environmental impact, sustainability, and safety. If all these concerns are addressed properly, LIBs and SIBs could potentially offer a more affordable, safer, and sustainable choice for the global energy storage outlook, particularly in short-range electric vehicles and stationary grid storage.

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Review on the Beneficiation of Li, Be, Ta, Nb-Bearing Polymetallic Pegmatite Ores in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Mineral classification with X-ray absorption spectroscopy: A deep learning-based approach

Comparative Issues of Metal-Ion Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage: Lithium vs. Sodium

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