Review on the impact of pregnancy and obesity on influenza virus infection

Karlsson, Erik A.; Marcelin, Glendie; Webby, Richard J.; Schultz‐Cherry, Stacey

doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00342.x

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…The link between obesity and influenza was first recorded in the early stage of the pandemic in 2009, when the data from numerous countries indicated that obese people were at higher risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and developing more severe forms of the disease (13,14). Obese patients with and without chronic diseases were at increased risk of respiratory complications during the influenza season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Hospitalization and Admission to Intensive Care Units of Influenza Patients in Serbia through Four Influenza Seasons from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Hospitalization and Admission to Intensive Care Units of Influenza Patients in Serbia through Four Influenza Seasons from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014

et al. 2017

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“…6,9 Obesity has recently been identified as an independent risk factor, and pregnancy has long been associated with increased risk. 10,11 Complications of influenza, including hemorrhagic bronchitis, diffuse Q3 alveolar damage, and pneumonia, can develop within hours. Fulminant fatal influenza viral pneumonia occasionally occurs, but most pneumonias are caused by secondary bacterial infections.…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Viral, Host, and Secondary Bacterial Factors in Influenza Pathogenesis

Kash

Taubenberger

2015

The American Journal of Pathology

157

123

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Influenza A virus infections in humans generally cause self-limited infections, but can result in severe disease, secondary bacterial pneumonias, and death. Influenza viruses can replicate in epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tree and can cause tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, and interstitial and airspace inflammation. The mechanisms by which influenza infections result in enhanced disease, including development of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, are multifactorial, involving host, viral, and bacterial factors. Host factors that enhance risk of severe influenza disease include underlying comorbidities, such as cardiac and respiratory disease, immunosuppression, and pregnancy. Viral parameters enhancing disease risk include polymerase mutations associated with host switch and adaptation, viral proteins that modulate immune and antiviral responses, and virulence factors that increase disease severity, which can be especially prominent in pandemic viruses and some zoonotic influenza viruses causing human infections. Influenza viral infections result in damage to the respiratory epithelium that facilitates secondary infection with common bacterial pneumopathogens and can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonias that greatly contribute to respiratory distress, enhanced morbidity, and death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which influenza and secondary bacterial infections, coupled with the role of host risk factors, contribute to enhanced morbidity and mortality is essential to develop better therapeutic strategies to treat severe influenza.

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“…Among women of low socioeconomic status, rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms may be as high as 47-52% [68, 69]. Due to substantial pregnancy-related immune changes, pregnant women may be more susceptible than non-pregnant adults to stress-induced immune dysregulation [70, 71]. However, despite their high risk status for influenza complications, the literature lacks information on effects of psychological factors on antibody responses following influenza vaccination in pregnant women.…”

Section: Potential Behavioral Risk Factors For Poor Antibody Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing benefits of influenza virus vaccination during pregnancy: Potential behavioral risk factors and interventions

Christian

2014

Vaccine

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Pregnant women and infants are at high risk for complications, hospitalization, and death due to influenza. It is well-established that influenza vaccination during pregnancy reduces rates and severity of illness in women overall. Maternal vaccination also confers antibody protection to infants via both transplacental transfer and breast milk. However, as in the general population, a relatively high proportion of pregnant women and their infants do not achieve protective antibody levels against influenza virus following maternal vaccination. Behavioral factors, particularly maternal weight and stress exposure, may affect initial maternal antibody responses, maintenance of antibody levels over time (i.e., across pregnancy), as well as the efficiency of transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus. Conversely, behavioral interventions including acute exercise and stress reduction can enhance immune protection following vaccination. Such behavioral interventions are particularly appealing in pregnancy because they are safe and non-invasive. The identification of individual risk factors for poor responses to vaccines and the application of appropriate interventions represent important steps towards personalized health care.

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Review on the impact of pregnancy and obesity on influenza virus infection

Cited by 53 publications

References 167 publications

Predictors of Hospitalization and Admission to Intensive Care Units of Influenza Patients in Serbia through Four Influenza Seasons from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014

Predictors of Hospitalization and Admission to Intensive Care Units of Influenza Patients in Serbia through Four Influenza Seasons from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014

The Role of Viral, Host, and Secondary Bacterial Factors in Influenza Pathogenesis

Optimizing benefits of influenza virus vaccination during pregnancy: Potential behavioral risk factors and interventions

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