Review paper: Principles and Applications of Surface Analytical Techniques at                 the Vascular Interface

Kannan, Ruben Y.; Salacinski, Henryk J.; Vara, Dina S.; Odlyha, Marianne; Seifalian, Alexander M.

doi:10.1177/0885328206065728

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Attempts have been made to reduce the inherent thrombogenicity of synthetic graft surfaces by incorporating some of the mechanisms employed by vECs 11. Conversely, the use of collagen as a graft sealant as the blood graft interface has had to be tempered due to it's thrombogenicity 12…”

Section: Surface Modification To Attenuate the Coagulation Cascadementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction

et al. 2007

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Thrombosis is a major cause of poor patency in synthetic vascular grafts for small diameter vessel (< 6 mm) bypass. Arteries have a host of structural mechanisms by which they prevent triggering of platelet activation and the clotting cascade. Many of these are present in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms act together with perpetual feedback at different levels, providing a constantly fine-tuned non-thrombogenic environment. The arterial wall anatomy also serves to promote thrombosis as a healing mechanism when it has been severely injured. Surface modification of synthetic graft surfaces to attenuate the coagulation cascade has reduced thrombosis levels and improved patency in vitro and in animal models. Success in this endeavor is critically dependent on the methods used to modify the surface. Platelets adhere to positively charged surfaces due to their own negative charge. They also preferentially attach to hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore synthetic graft development is concerned with hydrophilic materials with negative surface charge. However, fibrinogen has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic binding sites-amphiphilic materials reduce its adhesion and subsequent platelet activation. The self-endothelializing synthetic graft is an attractive proposition as a confluent endothelial layer incorporates many of the anti-thrombogenic properties of arteries. Surface modification to promote this has shown good results in animal models. The difficulties experienced in achieving spontaneous endothelialisation in humans have lead to the investigation of pre-implantation in vitro endothelial cell seeding. These approaches ultimately aim to result in novel synthetic grafts which are anti-thrombogenic and hence suitable for coronary and distal infrainguinal bypass.

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Section: Surface Modification To Attenuate the Coagulation Cascadementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction

et al. 2007

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“…Devices for cardiovascular applications are widely used but still do not exhibit optimal performances and must be often combined with anticoagulation drugs, with important implications for patient health and therapy costs [ 1 ]. The techniques available to evaluate the blood compatibility of materials to date are still limited, in spite of the heavy demand for methods allowing the quantitative and accurate characterization of the polymers used in the construction of cardiovascular devices [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A micro-fluidic study of whole blood behaviour on PMMA topographical nanostructures

Minelli¹,

Kikuta²,

Tsud³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

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BackgroundPolymers are attractive materials for both biomedical engineering and cardiovascular applications. Although nano-topography has been found to influence cell behaviour, no established method exists to understand and evaluate the effects of nano-topography on polymer-blood interaction.ResultsWe optimized a micro-fluidic set-up to study the interaction of whole blood with nano-structured polymer surfaces under flow conditions. Micro-fluidic chips were coated with polymethylmethacrylate films and structured by polymer demixing. Surface feature size varied from 40 nm to 400 nm and feature height from 5 nm to 50 nm. Whole blood flow rate through the micro-fluidic channels, platelet adhesion and von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen adsorption onto the structured polymer films were investigated. Whole blood flow rate through the micro-fluidic channels was found to decrease with increasing average surface feature size. Adhesion and spreading of platelets from whole blood and von Willebrand factor adsorption from platelet poor plasma were enhanced on the structured surfaces with larger feature, while fibrinogen adsorption followed the opposite trend.ConclusionWe investigated whole blood behaviour and plasma protein adsorption on nano-structured polymer materials under flow conditions using a micro-fluidic set-up. We speculate that surface nano-topography of polymer films influences primarily plasma protein adsorption, which results in the control of platelet adhesion and thrombus formation.

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“…Collagens I and II have been a well‐described scaffold for cartilage regeneration over the past two decades [38,39]. As a major constituent of articular cartilage, CC can bind to a collagen matrix using inherent cell‐surface receptors and hence use normal chondrocytic signalling pathways to direct cell growth and proliferation [40]. Collagen can be fabricated as a gel, sponge or foam and is subject to enzymatic degradation.…”

Section: Materials Used In Development Of Cartilage Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials and scaffold design: key to tissue‐engineering cartilage

Raghunath

Rollo

Sales

et al. 2007

Biotech and App Biochem

190

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Cartilage remains one of the most challenging tissues to reconstruct or replace, owing to its complex geometry in facial structures and mechanical strength at articular surfaces in joints. This non-vascular tissue has poor replicative capacity and damage results in its functionally inferior repair tissue, fibrocartilage. This has led to a drive for advancements in tissue engineering. The variety of polymers and fabrication techniques available continues to expand. Pore size, porosity, biocompatibility, shape specificity, integration with native tissue, degradation tailored to rate of neocartilage formation and cost efficiency are important factors which need consideration in the development of a scaffold. The present review considers the current polymers and fabrication methodologies used in scaffold engineering for cartilage and postulates whether we are closer to developing the ideal scaffold for clinical application.

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Review paper: Principles and Applications of Surface Analytical Techniques at the Vascular Interface

Cited by 25 publications

References 115 publications

Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction

Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction

A micro-fluidic study of whole blood behaviour on PMMA topographical nanostructures

Biomaterials and scaffold design: key to tissue‐engineering cartilage

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