Review: Use of Electrophysiological Techniques to Study Visual Functions of Aquatic Organisms

Gao, Xiaolong; Lin, Shihui; Zhang, Mo; Lyu, Mingxin; Liu, Yafeng; Liu, Xuan; Wang, You; Ke, Caihuan

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.798382

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Seven days after surgery, IOP values were reduced in both cases, with other associated signs of uveitis. In previous reports IOP was recorded in only one case and measured by applanation tonometry (Tonopen; Mentor Ophthalmics) [ 34 ]: the values recorded (14 mm Hg in the right eye and 19 mm Hg in the left eye) were significantly higher, compared with those described in healthy animals using applanation tonometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Seven days after surgery, IOP values were reduced in both cases, with other associated signs of uveitis. In previous reports IOP was recorded in only one case and measured by applanation tonometry (Tonopen; Mentor Ophthalmics) [34]: the After 4 weeks, none of the turtles showed signs of intraocular inflammation. Improvement in vision was examined by observing how the turtles were able to recognize the food scattered in the rehabilitation tank and able to calculate the right distance to bite it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Only rapid-flicker electroretinography has been used to investigate the photopic (cone-photoreceptor based) visual sensitivities, and only in adults (more than 30 years old) [ 19 ]. Furthermore, ERG has been mentioned in adult sea turtles with cataracts but without describing the methods of execution and the values of the measurements obtained [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroretinography, Ocular Ultrasonography, and Phacoemulsification of Bilateral Cataracts in Two Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Mediterranean Region

Affuso

Lamagna

Costanza

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Bilateral cataracts were diagnosed in two rescued juvenile, immature loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), weighing 1.65 and 1.7 kg. Both animals showed vision impairment and difficulty in feeding without assistance. In fact, they did not notice the presence of the food in the tank unless it was brought close to touching the mouth. Ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography showed no lesions of the vitreal body and retinal layer, therefore, both animals were candidates for bilateral cataract surgery. Topical administration of tropicamide + phenylephrine alternating with rocuronium resulted in only minimal mydriasis. Administration of intracameral rocuronium did not improve mydriasis. Phacoemulsification using a one-handed technique was performed bilaterally with a phacoemulsification device (Sovereign, AMO (Abbott Medical Optics®). After surgery, the systemic anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg, IM daily for one week) and antibiotics (enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg IM q 72 h, for 4 weeks; ceftazidime 20 mg/kg IM q 72 h for 3 weeks) were administered. Topical ofloxacin, flurbiprofen and tobramycin/dexamethasone were instilled TID for 4 weeks. Both turtles regained vision in both eyes. Results at a 10-month follow-up were satisfactory. This is the first report of cataracts in turtles rescued in the Mediterranean Sea and the first description of surgical treatment of cataracts in loggerhead turtles so young.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Seven days after surgery, IOP values were reduced in both cases, with other associated signs of uveitis. In previous reports IOP was recorded in only one case and measured by applanation tonometry (Tonopen; Mentor Ophthalmics) [34]: the After 4 weeks, none of the turtles showed signs of intraocular inflammation. Improvement in vision was examined by observing how the turtles were able to recognize the food scattered in the rehabilitation tank and able to calculate the right distance to bite it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electroretinography, Ocular Ultrasonography, and Phacoemulsification of Bilateral Cataracts in Two Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Mediterranean Region

Affuso

Lamagna

Costanza

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Various electrophysiological techniques, such as positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography (EEG), have been widely used to measure neuronal activity [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Among them, EEG technology has the advantages of low cost, good portability, and strong portability [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The electrical signals sent by the human brain through the EEG instrument are captured by placing electrodes on the scalp through EEG technology to record brain activity [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Functional Brain Network Structure between Patients with High and Low Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Fang

Sun

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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To investigate the differences in functional brain network structures between patients with a high level of generalized anxiety disorder (HGAD) and those with a low level of generalized anxiety disorder (LGAD), a resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 30 LGAD patients and 21 HGAD patients. Functional connectivity between all pairs of brain regions was determined by the Phase Lag Index (PLI) to construct a functional brain network. Then, the characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, and small world were calculated to estimate functional brain network structures. The results showed that the PLI values of HGAD were significantly increased in alpha2, and significantly decreased in the theta and alpha1 rhythms, and the small-world attributes for both HGAD patients and LGAD patients were less than one for all the rhythms. Moreover, the small-world values of HGAD were significantly lower than those of LGAD in the theta and alpha2 rhythms, which indicated that the brain functional network structure would deteriorate with the increase in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severity. Our findings may play a role in the development and understanding of LGAD and HGAD to determine whether interventions that target these brain changes may be effective in treating GAD.

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“…Firstly, we examined retinal structure using histology. Then, we studied the luminous sensitivity and temporal resolution of their vision by recording the electrophysiological response of the whole eye to different light stimuli, using electroretinography (ERG) [27][28][29][30][31]. Finally, we estimated the retinal release rate of the rhodopsin proteins in each species (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple rod layers increase the speed and sensitivity of vision in nocturnal reef fishes

Fogg,

Chung,

Justin Marshall

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Most vertebrates have one layer of the dim-light active rod photoreceptors. However, multiple rod layers, known as a multibank retina, can be found in over 100 species of fish, including several deep-sea species and one family of nocturnally active reef fish, the Holocentridae. Although seemingly associated with increased photon catch, the function of multibank retinas remained unknown. We used an integrative approach, combining histology, electrophysiology and amino acid sequence analysis, applied to three species of nocturnal reef fishes, two holocentrids with a multibank retina ( Neoniphon sammara and Myripristis violacea ) and an apogonid with a single rod bank ( Ostorhinchus compressus ), to determine the sensory advantage of multiple rod layers. Our results showed that fish with multibank retinas have both faster vision and enhanced responses to bright- and dim-light intensities. Faster vision was indicated by higher flicker fusion frequencies during temporal resolution electroretinography as well as faster retinal release rates estimated from their rhodopsin proteins. Enhanced sensitivity was demonstrated by broadened intensity-response curves derived from luminous sensitivity electroretinography. Overall, our findings provide the first functional evidence for enhanced dim-light sensitivity using a multibank retina while also suggesting novel roles for the adaptation in enhancing bright-light sensitivity and the speed of vision.

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Review: Use of Electrophysiological Techniques to Study Visual Functions of Aquatic Organisms

Cited by 6 publications

References 127 publications

Electroretinography, Ocular Ultrasonography, and Phacoemulsification of Bilateral Cataracts in Two Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Mediterranean Region

Electroretinography, Ocular Ultrasonography, and Phacoemulsification of Bilateral Cataracts in Two Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Mediterranean Region

Altered Functional Brain Network Structure between Patients with High and Low Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Multiple rod layers increase the speed and sensitivity of vision in nocturnal reef fishes

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