Reviewing the use of zeolites and clay based catalysts for pyrolysis of plastics and oil fractions

A review on catalytic pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste

“…For batch reactors, MPW is fed into the reactor prior to the pyrolysis process, and products are removed after complete thermal conversion (Serra et al, 2022). Semi-batch reactors are not completely closed systems, as are the batch reactors, as reagents or products can be added or removed while the pyrolysis process is ongoing (Serra et al, 2022).…”

“…For batch reactors, MPW is fed into the reactor prior to the pyrolysis process, and products are removed after complete thermal conversion (Serra et al, 2022). Semi‐batch reactors are not completely closed systems, as are the batch reactors, as reagents or products can be added or removed while the pyrolysis process is ongoing (Serra et al, 2022). The main disadvantages of the reactors are that (a) feedstock cannot be continuously fed into the reactors, and there is an issue about system scale‐up, and (b) poor heat transfer (Dai et al, 2022; Inayat et al, 2021; Lopez et al, 2017).…”

“…Some catalysts could favor liquid formation, and some could be used to produce more gas or char. For example, zeolite or clay‐based catalysts recommended themselves in producing liquid, but zeolite catalysts promote the production of a high‐quality liquid containing diesel or gasoline range carbon such as lighter aliphatic hydrocarbons (Serra et al, 2022). Also, zeolite catalysts such as FCC or ZSM‐5 have been widely used in oil and gas industry since the last century, and currently, they are popular catalysts to pyrolyze plastic waste (Fadillah et al, 2021).…”

“…Also, zeolite catalysts such as FCC or ZSM‐5 have been widely used in oil and gas industry since the last century, and currently, they are popular catalysts to pyrolyze plastic waste (Fadillah et al, 2021). It is worth noting that despite both, zeolite and clay‐based catalysts being desirable to receive liquid, the use of zeolite catalysts results in a formation of a higher coke and lower oil than clay‐based catalysts due to their acidic nature (Hafeez et al, 2019; Manos et al, 2001; Serra et al, 2022). Clay‐based catalysts usually need to be modified to produce a high‐quality oil (Serra et al, 2022).…”

“…It is worth noting that despite both, zeolite and clay‐based catalysts being desirable to receive liquid, the use of zeolite catalysts results in a formation of a higher coke and lower oil than clay‐based catalysts due to their acidic nature (Hafeez et al, 2019; Manos et al, 2001; Serra et al, 2022). Clay‐based catalysts usually need to be modified to produce a high‐quality oil (Serra et al, 2022).…”