Rapid anthropogenic alterations caused by urbanization are increasing temperatures in urban cores, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Two cicada species, Cryptotympana atrata and Hyalessa fuscata (Hemiptera: cicadidae), are abundant in metropolitan Seoul where their population densities correlate strongly with UHI intensities. Such a positive correlation between cicada density and UHI intensity may be possible if cicada abundance is linked to a certain thermal tolerance. We tested this hypothesis by investigating variation in morphology and thermal responses of two cicada species along a thermal gradient in Seoul and surrounding areas. The morphological responses were measured by metrics such as length, thorax width and depth, and mass. The thermal responses were measured in terms of minimum flight temperature, maximum voluntary temperature and heat torpor temperature. First, we observed a species-specific variation in thermal responses, in which C. atrata displayed a higher thermal threshold for maximum voluntary and heat torpor temperatures than H. fuscata. Second, a positive association between temperature conditions and body sizes were displayed in females H. fuscata, but not in either conspecific males or C. atrata individuals. Third, C. atrata exhibited similar thermal responses regardless of habitat temperature, while H. fuscata in warmer areas showed an increase in heat tolerance. In addition, H. fuscata individuals with bigger thorax sizes were more heat-tolerant than those with smaller thoraxes. Overall, our research is the first to detect a variation in thermal responses and body size of H. fuscata individuals at a local scale. More investigations would be needed to better understand the adaptation mechanisms of insects linked to UHI effects.Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting daily activities and the life history of cicadas 1-6 . As temperature directly dictates chemical rates and metabolic processes in vivo, a habitat with fluctuating temperatures could drive insects to manage the high energy costs of maintaining body temperature, T b , within a certain range to coordinate reproductive activity 4 . The surrounding conditions may also have an effect on reproductive success and mortality 7-10 . If so, cicadas should select favorable thermal conditions to obtain optimal body temperatures via behavioral-or physiological mechanisms 4,11 .The urban heat island (UHI) effect, in which increased temperatures are associated with urban areas, is a ubiquitous consequence of microclimatic perturbation 12 due to human activities and energy consumption, along with modification of landscapes and urban geometry [13][14][15][16][17] . Elevated temperatures in urban environments are regarded as detrimental as they reduce plant photosynthesis capability 18 and biological diversity 19,20 . Nevertheless, for urban herbivorous insects such as cicadas, such warm habitats may prove advantageous. First, post-morphogenesis development of cicada eggs require a large degree o...