Revision of the Bicyclus ignobilis species-group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of two new species

Brattström, Oskar; Aduse‐Poku, Kwaku; Collins, Steve C.; Brakefield, Paul M.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The rate of androconial evolution in butterflies is a promising field for future research, and highly variable patterns are found even within Bicyclus . Comparing the sciathis group with another recently revised species group, the ignobilis group (Brattström et al , 2015), substantial differences can be seen. Both groups are of a similar evolutionary age (Aduse‐Poku et al , ), occur in the same type of wet evergreen forest habitat and have similar distributional borders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Revision of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records

Brattström

Aduse‐Poku

Collins³

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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In this paper we present a thorough revision of the sciathis species group of the butterfly genus Bicyclus (Kirby). Type materials are discussed and in several cases lectotypes are assigned to specimens from original type series. Four new, and morphologically distinct, species are described (B. elishiae Brattström sp.n., B. heathi Brattström sp.n., B. sigiussidorum Brattström sp.n. and B. subtilisurae Brattström sp.n.), along with a comprehensive molecular phylogeny that includes exemplar taxa of all currently recognized species. We also investigate the types of all previously synonymized taxa and in the process invalidate the name B. ewondo Libert. This was done after finding the previously missing holotype of B. makomensis (Strand), which clearly belongs to the same species and thereby gives the older name priority. The phylogeny showed that some distinctly different species were surprisingly closely related, suggesting a high rate of morphological evolution in parts of the sciathis group. The distributional records for the group are updated after investigating over 1700 specimens kept in a range of museum collections. Many species previously thought to be broadly sympatric were found to have much more restricted ranges, with the previous overestimations probably based on misidentified specimens. The higher level of allopatry now established will make identification of many morphologically similar species easier. The fact that species often have smaller ranges than previously known, meaning that the level of endemism for African butterflies is likely to be higher than current estimates, has important implications for conservation management. An identification key for males of all 13 currently recognized species in the species group is included.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:837A9D4C‐779A‐4497‐8176‐7151D409DFA5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Revision of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records

Brattström

Aduse‐Poku

Collins³

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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“…For character sampling, hindwings and forewings of the different Bicyclus and outgroup species were imaged using a Leica DMS 1000 microscope. The images in combination with data from Condamin (Condamin 1973) and other scientific literature (Nieberding et al 2008;Bacquet et al 2015;Brattström et al 2015Brattström et al , 2016Aduse-Poku et al 2017) were used to score the presence and absence of hair-pencils and scent patches in each species. We defined a hair-pencil as a group of tightly packed brush-like scales.…”

Section: Animal Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, many species in the tribe Satyrini possess scent organs consisting of hairpencils (Fig 1 A,B) and scent patches (Fig 2A), both on the wing, that brush against each other dispersing chemicals in the process (Nieberding et al 2008;Brattström et al 2015Brattström et al , 2016Aduse-Poku et al 2017). It is to be noted however, that glandular, secretory cells underly some of the patches and produce pheromones, while other patches are not associated with such secretory cells (Bacquet et al 2015;Dion et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no study to date has addressed the development and evolution of these sex-specific complexes. The male-specific androconia of Bicyclus butterflies are so diverse and variable in number, size, shape, color, chemical composition and position that they are a key trait in species identification (Condamin 1973;Brattström et al 2015Brattström et al , 2016. The frequent changes in the morphology and location of the two components of the androconiathe hair-pencils and scent patcheswithin the Bicyclus clade, combined with its presence in the model species Bicyclus anynana, makes this a unique study system to understand the evolutionary history and, dissect the molecular and developmental genetic mechanisms governing male-specific pheromone complex development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doublesexmediates the development of sex-specific pheromone organs inBicyclusbutterflies via multiple mechanisms

Prakash

Monteiro

2019

Preprint

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The Bicyclus lineage of satyrid butterflies exhibits male-specific traits, the scent organ 9 complex, used for chemical communication during courtship. This complex consists of tightly 10 packed brush-like scales (hair-pencils) that rub against scent patches to disperse pheromones, but 11 the evolution and molecular basis of the organ's male-limited development remains unknown. 12 Here, we examine the evolution of the number and location of the scent patches and hair-pencils 13 within 53 species of Bicyclus butterflies, and the involvement of the sex determinant gene 14 doublesex (dsx) in scent organ development in Bicyclus anynana using CRISPR/Cas9. We show 15 that scent patches and hair-pencils arose via multiple, independent gains, in a correlated manner. 16 Further, an initially non-sex-specific Dsx protein expression pattern in developing wing discs 17 becomes male-specific and spatially refined to areas that develop the scent organ complex over 18 the course of development. Functional perturbations of dsx show that this gene is required for 19 male patch development whereas hair-pencils can develop in both sexes without Dsx input. Dsx 20 in females is, instead, required to repress hair-pencils. These findings suggest that the patches 21 and hair-pencils evolve as correlated composite organs that are sex-limited via the spatial 22 regulation of dsx. Divergence in the function of dsx isoforms occurs in both sexes, where the 23 male isoform promotes patch development in males and the female isoform represses hair-pencil 24 development in females, both leading to the development of male-limited traits. Furthermore, 25 evolution in number and location of patches, but not of hair-pencils, appears to be regulated by 26 spatial regulation of dsx. 27 28 65On the other hand, many species in the tribe Satyrini possess scent organs consisting of hair-66 pencils (Fig 1 A,B) and scent patches (Fig 2A), both on the wing, that brush against each other 67 dispersing chemicals in the process (Nieberding et al. 2008;Brattström et al. 2015Brattström et al. , 2016 Aduse-68 Poku et al. 2017). It is to be noted however, that glandular, secretory cells underly some of the 69 130 (hair-pencil 3 without patch 3 in B. jefferyi, B. moyses and B. dorothea) and vice versa (patch 13 131 in B. hyperanthus, B. scaithis and B. elishiae). 132 133 Patterns of androconia diversity within Bicyclus occurs primarily via multiple trait gain, 134 and trait loss 135In order to understand the origins of this diversity within Bicyclus, we first constructed a 136 phylogenetic tree of the species of interest using a Bayesian framework and then reconstructed 137 the evolutionary history of the different hair-pencils and patches on the sampled trees. Our 138

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“…In 2012 Brattstr€ om described the species B. brakefieldi from Democratic Republic of Congo. Recently Brattstr€ om, AdusePoku, Collins, and Brakefield (2015) and Brattstr€ om, Aduse-Poku, Collins, Di Micco de Santo, and Brakefield (2016) published two revisions of Bicyclus species groups describing six further species: B. ottossoni and B. vandweghei in 2015 and B. elishiae, B. heathi, B. sigiussidorum, and B. subtilisurae in 2016. In the 2015 paper all subspecies of B. ignobilis were also synonymized with the nominate form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded molecular phylogeny of the genusBicyclus(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi-cryptic species and highlights potentials for future studies

Aduse‐Poku

Brakefield

Wahlberg

et al. 2016

Systematics and Biodiversity

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The genus Bicyclus is one of the largest groups of African butterflies, but due to the generally cryptic nature and seasonal variation of adult wing patterns, there has been a lot of systematic confusion. With a large research community working with the model species Bicyclus anynana there has been increasing interest in the evolutionary history of the genus. A previous phylogeny started to unravel interesting patterns, but only included 61% of the then known species. With a range of new species having been described in the last decade there has been a need for an updated phylogeny for the genus. We present the most complete phylogeny of Bicyclus yet, including 93% of the currently 103 recognized species and make a range of taxonomic revisions. We revise the status of four previous subspecies and synonymized taxa that in the light of the new genetic data are raised to species level. We also subsume two subspecies and describe a new species, Bicyclus collinsi sp. nov., based on both genetic and morphological evidence. A further new taxon is identified, but not described at this point due to lack of morphological data. Our phylogeny lays a solid foundation for better understanding the evolution of Bicyclus and highlights key species-groups and complexes with intriguing ecological patterns making them prime candidates for future studies.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F775351-097E-4CD7-8F8F-A90B26D52DE8

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Revision of the Bicyclus ignobilis species-group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of two new species

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Revision of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records

Revision of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records

Doublesexmediates the development of sex-specific pheromone organs inBicyclusbutterflies via multiple mechanisms

Expanded molecular phylogeny of the genusBicyclus(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi-cryptic species and highlights potentials for future studies

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