Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity.

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is diagnosed retrospectively and involves a clinical course characterized by a progressive accumulation of neurological disability, independent of relapses, following an initial relapsing-remitting (RR) phase. Our incomplete understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) may explain why, to date, there is no definitive imaging or laboratory test that is able to inform us when the disease is clearly entering into a progressive phase and why the vast majority of clinical trials testing immunosuppressant and immunomodulating drugs in SPMS patients has so far yielded disappointing or mixed results. Here we discuss the definition(s) of SPMS and how it may vary, outcome measurements (current and emerging) and modern trial design.

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Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Definition and Measurement

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Angelis

Doshi

et al. 2016

CNS Drugs

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Validation of the Chinese version of Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III for detecting mild cognitive impairment

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Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Aging & Mental Health

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Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Methodology and sample characteristics

Cherner

Marquine

Umlauf

et al. 2020

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Definition and Measurement

Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Definition and Measurement

Validation of the Chinese version of Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III for detecting mild cognitive impairment

Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Methodology and sample characteristics

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