“…Although Bansal et al found that large particles (~0.9 μm in diameter) were uniformly distributed, while small particles formed a ring on hydrophobic substrates with the contact angle >95° (i.e., polydimethylsiloxane and gas diffusion layer) [ 39 ], most researches indicate that this CRE-based separation method can only apply to suspensions with very low specimen fractions (<0.04 vol.%) [ 32 , 33 ] on sufficiently hydrophilic substrates [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Our previous work demonstrated that the CRE can be effectively controlled by simply adding trace amounts of salt to colloid suspensions [ 40 , 41 ]. It can be contributed to the enhanced adsorption between the particles and the aromatic substrate through strong hydrated cation-π interactions [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”