2010
DOI: 10.4319/lom.2010.8.202
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Revisiting the application of open‐channel estimates of denitrification

Abstract: Development of an open-channel method for measurement of denitrification, without the use of expensive isotopic tracers, has generated considerable interest among researchers attempting to quantify N loss from lotic systems. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry allows measurement of small changes in N 2 concentrations, facilitating calculation of whole reach denitrification rates using an N 2 mass balance corrected for gas exchange. The method has been applied successfully within numerous rivers ranging widely in … Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…The gas transfer velocity was finally normalized to a Schmidt number of 600 (k600, for CO 2 at 20 C, cm h À1 ) (Jähne et al, 1987;Wanninkhof, 1992) as requested by the model. Differently, the wind-based models were more suitable for C3, where the ratio stream velocity to stream depth was $0.01 s À1 and the benthic turbulence was considered negligible (Baulch et al, 2010). Several authors developed empirical relationships where k600 falls in the range 0.74-2.07 cm h À1 (Cole and Caraco, 1998;Guérin et al, 2007) for water bodies subjected to almost null wind speed, as usually occurs in the Po valley.…”
Section: N 2 and N 2 O Open-channel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The gas transfer velocity was finally normalized to a Schmidt number of 600 (k600, for CO 2 at 20 C, cm h À1 ) (Jähne et al, 1987;Wanninkhof, 1992) as requested by the model. Differently, the wind-based models were more suitable for C3, where the ratio stream velocity to stream depth was $0.01 s À1 and the benthic turbulence was considered negligible (Baulch et al, 2010). Several authors developed empirical relationships where k600 falls in the range 0.74-2.07 cm h À1 (Cole and Caraco, 1998;Guérin et al, 2007) for water bodies subjected to almost null wind speed, as usually occurs in the Po valley.…”
Section: N 2 and N 2 O Open-channel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The following model input parameters were used: measured N 2 and N 2 O concentrations and water temperature at upstream and downstream stations, average depth and width of each reach, gas transfer velocity (k600), Schmidt number coefficient (2/3 for surfaces without waves; Jähne et al, 1987), and travel time of the water parcel from upstream to downstream, calculated from average current velocity (Baulch et al, 2010). Gas transfer velocities of the three investigated reaches were calculated by means of two different approaches.…”
Section: N 2 and N 2 O Open-channel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The signal is likely to be superimposed by isotope variations due to the mixing of different sources of nitrate like sewage plant inputs. In general it is difficult to conduct process studies on denitrification rates in larger streams which are impacted by different anthropogenic inputs (Baulch et al 2010). Therefore we conducted mass balance approaches for the selected river reaches including 24 h measurements.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At high water velocities and in shallow systems, in fact, benthic turbulence is generally considered the primary driver of gas exchange (Baulch et al, 2010). At low water velocities and in deep water systems (in particular, where the ratio of stream velocity to stream depth is less than 0.03 s -1 , Schwarzenbach et al, 1993), instead, benthic turbulence can be considered negligible and wind-based turbulence dominates gas exchange processes (Raymond and Cole, 2001;Baulch et al, 2010).…”
Section: Water Sampling and Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At high water velocities and in shallow systems, in fact, benthic turbulence is generally considered the primary driver of gas exchange (Baulch et al, 2010). At low water velocities and in deep water systems (in particular, where the ratio of stream velocity to stream depth is less than 0.03 s -1 , Schwarzenbach et al, 1993), instead, benthic turbulence can be considered negligible and wind-based turbulence dominates gas exchange processes (Raymond and Cole, 2001;Baulch et al, 2010). Accordingly, for stations N1 and N2, characterised by moderate to high current velocity and shallow waters, we calculated the reaeration coefficient for oxygen at 20°C, K O2,20°C (h -1 ) from current velocities u (m s -1 ) and water depths d (m) using the following equation (Genereux and Hemond, 1992):…”
Section: Water Sampling and Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%