Abstract:Global science expansion and the ‘skills premium’ in labor markets have been extensively discussed in the literature on the global knowledge economy, yet the focus on, broadly-speaking, knowledge-related personnel as a key factor is surprisingly absent. This article draws on UIS and OECD data on research and development (R&D) personnel for the period 1980 to 2015 for up to N = 82 countries to gauge cross-national trends and to test a wide range of educational, economic, political and institutional determinants… Show more
“…These agendas are commonly wrapped in bellicose and emotional (and sometimes nostalgic) language and are amplified in mass media. Such attributes clash with the method and language of science where complexity and sober analysis are central and where international collaboration and mobility have turned science into a global and, indeed, globalizing force (Zapp, 2022).…”
Section: Science On the Rise And Science Under Fire: Public Attitudes...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to educational background, actual job profiles also matter (Price and Peterson, 2016). In the past three decades, the share of personnel working in R&D-related segments has increased dramatically, both in OECD and non-OECD countries and actual work content has seen higher degrees of abstraction (Zapp, 2022;Baker, 2009). Such knowledge-intensive work is characterized by key academic features such as abstraction, originality, and reproducibility and should make these employees more confident toward the scientific paradigm.…”
Public attitudes toward science have risen for decades yet dropped in the most recent period coinciding with the emergence of anti-scientific populist discourses around the world. Controlling for a number of attitudinal and demographic factors, this study examines whether populist discourse and vote share as well as regime polity have an impact on the public legitimacy of science in the period 2005–2020. Cross-national findings suggest that populism is a consistent predictor of declining support for science across all models, regardless of the political system. While it might be too early to alert to lasting damage done by populist leaders to the public standing of science, more research is warranted to ascertain the impact of anti-scientific rhetoric in the “post-truth era.”
“…These agendas are commonly wrapped in bellicose and emotional (and sometimes nostalgic) language and are amplified in mass media. Such attributes clash with the method and language of science where complexity and sober analysis are central and where international collaboration and mobility have turned science into a global and, indeed, globalizing force (Zapp, 2022).…”
Section: Science On the Rise And Science Under Fire: Public Attitudes...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to educational background, actual job profiles also matter (Price and Peterson, 2016). In the past three decades, the share of personnel working in R&D-related segments has increased dramatically, both in OECD and non-OECD countries and actual work content has seen higher degrees of abstraction (Zapp, 2022;Baker, 2009). Such knowledge-intensive work is characterized by key academic features such as abstraction, originality, and reproducibility and should make these employees more confident toward the scientific paradigm.…”
Public attitudes toward science have risen for decades yet dropped in the most recent period coinciding with the emergence of anti-scientific populist discourses around the world. Controlling for a number of attitudinal and demographic factors, this study examines whether populist discourse and vote share as well as regime polity have an impact on the public legitimacy of science in the period 2005–2020. Cross-national findings suggest that populism is a consistent predictor of declining support for science across all models, regardless of the political system. While it might be too early to alert to lasting damage done by populist leaders to the public standing of science, more research is warranted to ascertain the impact of anti-scientific rhetoric in the “post-truth era.”
“…In such a manner, the conversion of “knowledge inputs” (I) into “knowledge outputs” (O) as a “dynamic IC transformation process” (see Fig. 1 ) led to the foundation of this study for further investigation by integrating the “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities” as “processors” (P) for better understanding and development of the model (Zapp, 2022 ; Guerrero et al, 2021 ; Cricelli et al, 2018 ; Ramírez et al, 2007 ; Córcoles et al, 2011 ; Huang and Huang, 2020 ). Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More importantly, in this fast-paced and knowledge-based era, the role of HEIs has become rather challenging due to a growing number of factors, which include the following: a greater level of corporate universities due to extended competition increasing level of internationalization and commercialization of knowledge pressure to harmonize the structures, systems, and process capabilities of HEIs at the indigenous level research and education and strategic innovations to meet the growing needs of stakeholders (Zapp. 2022 ; Vo & Tran, 2022 ; HEC, 2016 ; Ramírez et al, 2007 ; Leitner & Warden, 2004 ; Cricelli et al, 2018 ) …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…strategic innovations to meet the growing needs of stakeholders (Zapp. 2022 ; Vo & Tran, 2022 ; HEC, 2016 ; Ramírez et al, 2007 ; Leitner & Warden, 2004 ; Cricelli et al, 2018 )…”
This study attempts to investigate the “dynamic IC transformation process” namely “knowledge inputs” → “processors” → “knowledge outputs” (I →P →O) model within the context of higher education institutes (HEIs) in Pakistan. In this knowledge era, HEIs are considered repositories of “knowledge” that are continuously reconfiguring and nurturing themselves with existing knowledge assets. Therefore, this study proposes a “dynamic IC transformation” (I →P →O) model to analyze the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) initiatives as “knowledge inputs” (I), “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities” as “processors” (P), and the performance of HEIs as “knowledge-outputs” (O). To test the model, we conducted a survey (questionnaire) involving 258 usable responses from teaching and non-teaching staff working in public and private HEIs in Pakistan. In this sense, we employed a parallel mediation analysis through process macro to evaluate the indirect effects of “processors” between “knowledge inputs” and “knowledge output.” The study identifies that “knowledge inputs” significantly influence the performance of HEIs in terms of “knowledge output.” However, the explanatory power of human capital as an essential element of IC initiatives is more detrimental than that of structural and relational capital initiatives. Further, results indicate that “processors,” i.e., “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities,” partially mediate the relationship between “knowledge inputs” and “knowledge output.” Thus, this study contributes to ongoing academic debates about how the “dynamic IC transformation model” works in producing “knowledge outputs” by leveraging “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities” of HEIs. Further, this study also offers fruitful implications for academicians that may turn the IC initiatives as “knowledge inputs” into the development of viable opportunities for HEIs as “entrepreneurial” or “stakeholder” universities by valuing their knowledge assets.
ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag vergleicht zwei Großforschungseinrichtungen, die als Einrichtungen der Teilchenphysik gegründet wurden, aber ihre ursprüngliche Forschungsmission und ihre Großgeräte vollständig auf die multidisziplinäre Photonenforschung umorientierten. Trotz einiger Gemeinsamkeiten unterscheiden sich beide Zentren sehr deutlich im Hinblick auf die Geschwindigkeit ihrer Transformation sowie die Forschungserfolge. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen wird ihr Verhältnis zur institutionellen Umwelt analysiert: (1) Zugang zu institutionellen Unternehmern; (2) organisationaler Status der Photonenforschung; (3) Rolle externer Finanzierungsquellen bei der Förderung und Konsolidierung der Photonenforschung; (4) Möglichkeit, sich im Rahmen von Personalfluktuation inhaltlich zu erneuern. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion zu forschungspolitischen Empfehlungen.
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