Revisiting the Online Learning Concerns during COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic forcefully shifted the world into a virtual society; consequently, all the brick-mortar businesses moved toward click-mortar businesses. Considerable research has been done to improve the e-learning mode of education before the vigorous situation of COVID-19, which affected the whole world. The current review paper aims to conduct a study on e-learning in COVID-19, published from March 2020 till 2022. This paper analyzed 38 articles concerning the different modes of e-learning, synchronous, asynchronous, and blended e-learning. The digital divide and lack of ICT skills are the main hindrances in successful this virtual process. The current study revealed that these two modes of e-learning are not purely practical if used individually. In contrast, the combination of these two modes is beyond effective and raises students' satisfaction. There is a crucial need to establish a valid infrastructure to promote online learning on a routine basis so that education institutes can immediately switch from brick-mortar to click-mortar learning systems.