Revisiting the Timing of the Northern Lobe of the White River Ash Volcanic Event in Eastern Alaska and Western Yukon

Reuther, Joshua D.; Potter, Ben A.; Coffman, Sam; Smith, Holly E.; Bigelow, Nancy H.

doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.110

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…WRAn has a recently updated modelled 2σ 14 C age of 1689-1560 cal yr BP (Reuther et al, 2020). This is slightly younger than previous published estimates (e.g.…”

Section: Cl-48 (White River Ash Northern Lobe)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Late Holocene cryptotephra and a provisional 15 000-year Bayesian age model for Cascade Lake, Alaska

2022

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Abstract. Multiple chronometers can be employed for dating Holocene palaeoenvironmental records, each with its own inherent strengths and weaknesses. Radiocarbon dating is one of the most widely used techniques for producing chronologies, but its application at high-latitude sites can sometimes be problematic. Here, cryptotephra were identified in a core from Cascade Lake, Arctic Alaska, and used to identify and resolve an age bias in Late Holocene radiocarbon dates from the top 1.42 m of the sediment sequence. Identifiable geochemical populations of cryptotephra are shown to be present in detectable concentrations in sediment from the north flank of the Brooks Range for the first time. Major-element glass geochemical correlations are demonstrated between ultra-distal cryptotephra and reference samples from the Late Holocene caldera-forming eruption of Opala, Kamchatka, as well as three eruptions in North America: the White River Ash (northern lobe), Ruppert tephra and the Late Holocene caldera-forming eruption of Aniakchak. The correlated ages of these cryptotephra provide evidence for an old-carbon effect and support preliminary palaeomagnetic secular variation (PSV) correlated ages reported for Cascade Lake. Chronological data from Cascade Lake were then combined using a Bayesian approach to generate an age–depth model that extends back through the Late Holocene and provisionally to 15 000 cal yr BP.

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“…WRAn has a recently updated modelled 2σ 14 C age of 1689-1560 cal yr BP (Reuther et al, 2020). This is slightly younger than previous published estimates (e.g.…”

Section: Cl-48 (White River Ash Northern Lobe)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Late Holocene cryptotephra and a provisional 15 000-year Bayesian age model for Cascade Lake, Alaska

2022

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“…The GVP database lists five VEI 6, three VEI 5 and 31 VEI 4 eruptions dating to between 100 BCE and 300 CE. The VEI 6 eruptions include that of Churchill, Okmok and Ksudach, whose chronologies have all been recently revised and no longer encompass the first century CE (Ponomareva et al, 2017;Reuther et al, 2020). The magnitude of Ambrym, Vanuatupreviously thought to have entailed a cataclysmic collapse of the calderahas also been questioned and was likely a less pronounced, gradual event (Németh et al, 2009).…”

Section: The Neem-2011-s1 Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for tephra in Greenland from the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE: Implications for geochronology and paleoclimatology

Plunkett

Sigl

Schwaiger

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Volcanic signatures archived in polar ice sheets provide important opportunities to date and correlate ice-core records as well as to investigate the environmental impacts of eruptions. Only the geochemical characterization of volcanic ash (tephra) embedded in the ice strata can confirm the source of the eruption, however, and is a requisite if historical eruption ages are to be used as valid chronological checks on annual ice layer counting. Here we report the investigation of ash particles in a Greenland ice core that are associated with a volcanic sulfuric acid layer previously attributed to the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius. Major and trace element composition of the particles indicates that the tephra does not derive from Vesuvius but most likely originates from an unidentified eruption in the Aleutian arc. Using ash dispersal modelling, we find that only an eruption large enough to include stratospheric injection is likely to account for the sizeable (24–85 μm) ash particles observed in the Greenland ice at this time. Despite its likely explosivity, this event does not appear to have triggered significant climate perturbations, unlike some other large extra-tropical eruptions. In light of a recent re-evaluation of the Greenland ice-core chronologies, our findings further challenge the previous dating of this volcanic event to 79 CE. We highlight the need for the revised Common Era ice-core chronology to be formally accepted by the wider ice-core and climate modelling communities in order to ensure robust age linkages to precisely dated historical and paleoclimate proxy records.

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“…The Pacific diaspora of Dene people is estimated to have occurred earlier in the Holocene than WRAe by linguists (Krauss and Golla, 1981;Snoek, 2015, andReuther et al, 2020 for revised timing of the earlier White River Ash north event) although uncertainties persist about trajectories of linguistic diversity and social isolating mechanisms that conserve linguistic components (Coehlo et al, 2019;Epps, 2016;Nettle, 1999). Consensus is growing that the Pacific Coast Athapaskan languages are more closely related to northern Dene speakers west of the continental divide, but they do not share an origin from a coastal groupthat is, Pacific Coast Athapaskan derives from one or more interior Athapaskan speech communities in British Columbia, Yukon, or Alaska (Golla, 2011:257;Snoek, 2015).…”

Section: A Coastal Dene Presence In Northwest British Columbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Power, security, and exchange: Impacts of a Late Holocene volcanic eruption in Subarctic North America

Kristensen¹,

Ives

Supernant

2021

North American Archaeologist

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We synthesize environmental and cultural change following a volcanic eruption at A.D. 846–848 in Subarctic North America to demonstrate how social relationships shaped responses to natural disasters. Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeometric studies reveal differences in human adaptations in the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins that relate to exertions of power over contested resources versus affordances of security to intercept dispersed migrating animals. The ways that pre-contact hunter-gatherers maintained or redressed ecological imbalances influenced respective trajectories of resilience to a major event. Adaptive responses to a volcanic eruption affected the movement of bow and arrow technology and the proliferation of copper use in northwest North America.

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Revisiting the Timing of the Northern Lobe of the White River Ash Volcanic Event in Eastern Alaska and Western Yukon

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Late Holocene cryptotephra and a provisional 15 000-year Bayesian age model for Cascade Lake, Alaska

Late Holocene cryptotephra and a provisional 15 000-year Bayesian age model for Cascade Lake, Alaska

No evidence for tephra in Greenland from the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE: Implications for geochronology and paleoclimatology

Power, security, and exchange: Impacts of a Late Holocene volcanic eruption in Subarctic North America

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