Revolution of Current Dental Zirconia: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the revolution of dental zirconia (Zir), including its types, properties, applications, and cementation procedures. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted. The search was limited to manuscripts published in English. The final search was conducted in October 2021. Newly developed monolithic Zir ceramics have substantially enhanced esthetics and translucency. However, this material must be further studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its long-term ability to maintain its exceptional properties. According to the literature, monolithic translucent Zir has had promising results and a high survival rate. Thus, the utilization of this material is indicated when strength and esthetics are needed. Both the materials and methods used for cementation of monolithic Zir have significantly improved, encouraging dentists to use this material, especially when a conservative approach is required. Zir restorations showed promising outcomes, particularly for monolithic Zir crowns supported with implant and fixed dental prostheses.

Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review

“…On the other hand, the use of metal-free ceramic prostheses, mainly zirconia restorations [ 45 ], has increased in recent years, becoming a very promising alternative [ 17 ]. This type of restoration is very durable, require a minimally invasive preparation, which allows a greater preservation of the dental tissue, a high resistance to bending and fracture, as well as their translucency property to be retained; however, they are more expensive than metal-ceramic prostheses [ 46 ]. As a consequence of the use of this type of biomaterials, less biofilm formation has been found and therefore a more accentuated decrease in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 47 ].…”

“…We can mention that some prosthetic restoration materials, despite having many years of use, such as metal-ceramics with base metal alloys of Ni-Cr, Cr-Co or titanium (Ti), have not yet fallen into disuse, due to their esthetic and functional benefits and lower cost [ 46 ]. However, the use of this type of restoration, together with poor hygiene practices and some systemic conditions of the patient, have caused changes in the periodontium, which accelerate its destruction and consequent dental mobility and loss of restored dental organ [ 177 ].…”

Effect of Nanosilica Incorporation on Flexural Strength, Shear Bond Strength, and Color of Veneering Porcelain after Thermocycling

“…Yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) material can be used in such a case. However, the translucency of ordinary Y-TZP is only around 70% of that of lithium disilicate [1].…”

Fatigue and Fracture Resistance Testing of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Implant Abutments in an Ex Vivo Chewing Simulator Model

“…Survival, technical, and biological complication rates of zirconia abutments are comparable to titanium abutments for up to 5 years of exposure in the posterior region, although titanium abutments were reported to have a better mechanical resistance in a recent systematic review [ 8 , 10 ]. However, the zirconia material also has some disadvantages such as brittleness and aging in an aqueous environment [ 11 ]. These can reduce stability and increase the risk of material failure [ 12 ].…”