“…Reinforcement learning models provide useful quantifications of individual choice behavior and the integration of information over repeated decisions (Sutton & Barto, 2018). Hence, disturbances in reward learning may result in maladaptive choices and are associated with various mental and metabolic disorders, such as depression (Chen, Takahashi, Nakagawa, Inoue, & Kusumi, 2015;Eshel & Roiser, 2010;Mkrtchian, Aylward, Dayan, Roiser, & Robinson, 2017), eating disorders (Schaefer & Steinglass, 2021), and obesity (Coppin, Nolan-Poupart, Jones-Gotman, & Small, 2014;Kroemer & Small, 2016). Parameters of individual reinforcement learning, such as the learning rate or reward sensitivity may even serve as transdiagnostic biomarkers (Montague, Dolan, Friston, & Dayan, 2012) for aberrant cognitive processes that contribute to key symptoms of disorders, such as apathy or anhedonia (Husain & Roiser, 2018;Huys, Pizzagalli, Bogdan, & Dayan, 2013).…”