Rewarding the introduction of multiparty elections

Kim, Nam Kyu; Kroeger, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.02.004

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These transitions to multiparty politics led to democratization in some instances, but more often they helped entrench electoral authoritarian regimes (Bratton and van de Walle 1997;Diamond 1997;Levitsky and Way 2010;Ottaway 2003;Schedler 2002). Whether the outcome was democratization or electoral authoritarianism, however, democratic aid donors rewarded transitions away from closed autocracy (Kim and Kroeger 2017).…”

Section: International Influences On the Inclusion Of Women In Author...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appointment of Women to Authoritarian Cabinets in Africa

Kroeger

Kang

2022

Gov. & oppos.

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What explains variation in the inclusion of women in authoritarian cabinets? We theorize that leaders of electoral autocracies are affected by changing international norms of democracy and women's rights to appoint women ministers. We propose two hypotheses. First, increasing dependence on aid from democratic donors encourages leaders of electoral autocracies to appoint more women ministers. Second, electoral autocrats uprooting democratic traits appoint more women ministers to minimize the reputational costs of their autocratization. Using data from authoritarian regimes in 38 African countries between 1973 and 2013, we find that increases in aid from democracies are associated with modest increases in women's share of cabinet seats. As our theory suggests, this relationship holds only in electoral autocracies in more recent years when norms of gender equality have been strongest. Conversely, we find no evidence that autocratization periods are associated with increases in women's cabinet share. Additionally, we show that supply-side factors and the politics of multi-ethnic coalition building appear to explain differences in women's cabinet seat share in autocracies.

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Section: International Influences On the Inclusion Of Women In Author...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appointment of Women to Authoritarian Cabinets in Africa

Kroeger

Kang

2022

Gov. & oppos.

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“…The blatant manipulation of electoral results or the widespread or harsh intimidation of the opposition are likely to trigger protests (Bunce and Wolchik 2010). Furthermore, because democratic promoters emphasize elections, holding multiparty elections helps rulers attract more resources from Western donors (Kim and Kroeger 2017;Levitsky and Way 2010;Reinsberg 2015). The literature on the recent pattern of 'autocratization' (Lührmann and Lindberg 2019) shows that in the last decade, improvements in democratic governance have mostly been in the area related to elections (Lührmann et al 2018;Mechkova, Lührmann and Lindberg 2017).…”

Section: Vertical Accountabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of China's Development Projects on Political Accountability

Ping

Wang

Chang

2020

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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The literature on the relationship between foreign aid and institutions has found that the effects of aid vary across different donor characteristics and delivery mechanisms. This article focuses on China's resource-related development projects, which have been considered controversial due to the relative lack of conditionality. By distinguishing between vertical and horizontal dimensions of political accountability, the study finds that China's resource-related projects are particularly detrimental to the accountability of recipient countries' horizontal (legislative and judicial) institutions. These projects are often delivered to resource-rich countries, in the form of packaging access to resources and infrastructure construction, to improve China's own energy access. Local officials may be tempted to weaken horizontal institutions so that the projects can be implemented quickly. Nevertheless, these projects have little effect on vertical accountability, as China has less intention and capacity to fundamentally restrain electoral competition in recipient countries.

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“…Furthermore, authors Pereira, A. E. Mural Internacional, Rio de Janeiro, Vol.11, e46544, 2020. DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2020.46544| e-ISSN: 2177 such as Nelson and Wallace (2017) expand the scope of analysis to economy-related institutions, noting the existence of a positive correlation between participation in the International Monetary Fund lending programs and democracy scores; while Kim and Kroeger (2017) highlight how receiving international aid seems to be correlated with carrying out democratic reforms at the domestic level, yielding strong incentives for authoritarian leaders to implement them, even if they avoid full democratization.…”

Section: The Recent Debate (2010-2019)mentioning

confidence: 99%